Unification of Italy

1
Unification of Italy
2
Italian Unification

• Italy in the early 19th century was a divided
  country.
• Much of it was dominated by Austria.
• Italian nationalism was reawakened by the armies
  of Napoleon.

3
Obstacles to Unification

• Tiny city-states
• Petty rulers reluctant to give up power
• Austria controlled northern Italy
• Pope did not want to give up control over Papal
  States
• Economic difficulties
• French opposition France did not want a strong
  neighbor in Italy.

4
Goals of Nationalism

• Risorgimento
• resurrection or rebirth
• Unification
• Democracy

5
Leadership

• Giuseppe Mazzini
• The SOUL of Italian Unification
• Inspired nationalism through writings and
  speeches
• Young Italy

6
Leadership

• Giuseppe Garibaldi
• The SWORD of Italian unification
• Organized an army called the Red Shirts, which
  carried out a successful rebellion to unite Italy

7
Leadership

• Camillo Cavour
• The brains of unification
• Used economic reforms to lead Italy to its goal!
• REAL POLITIK

8
Leadership

• Victor Emmanuel II
• King of Piedmont Sardinia and the focal point for
  unity

• Not the most beautiful structure in Rome, the
  Victor Emmanuel monument has been given nicknames
  such as 'typewriter' and 'wedding cake'.

9
Methods

• 1859 Austro-Sardinia War Sardinia got control
  of Lombardy
• Parma, Modena and Tuscany revolted and joined
  Sardinia.
• Garibaldi took the Kingdom of the two Sicilies
  from France and turned them over to Sardinia.
• 1866 Austro-Prussian War Italy sided with
  Prussia and was awarded Venetia
• 1870 Franco-Prussian War Napoleon III of France
  had to withdraw troops from the Papal States to
  defend France. Italy took the Papal States.

10
What kind of State evolved?

• A constitutional monarchy after Great Britains
• Cultural and economic gulf between north and
  south
• Regional loyalties remained strong
• Failures of centralized state responsible for the
  growth of fascism in the 1920s.