Unification of Italy

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Unification of Italy

• Ch 16. Sec1

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Nationalist in Italy

• Italians were inspired by the French Revolution.
• Congress of Vienna kept Italy separated.
• Austria controlled portions of northern Italy.
• Other independent states kept unification hard to
  do.
• A group of Italian tried to keep it alive.
• This group was called the Risorgimento
  resurgence.
• Secret society.

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Giuseppe Mazzini

• Formed the Young Italy movement.
• Forced Austrian out of Lombardy and Venetia.
• Seized control of Rome
• A republic was formed by Mazzini and two other
  leaders.
• His victories were not long lived.
• Austria gain control of northern states.
• Only Sardinia remained independent.

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Sardinia

• Was ruled by King Victor Emmanuel II.
• Chief Minister was Camillo Benso di Cavour.
• Was more powerful than King.
• Wanted to expand Sardinian territory.
• Wanted to lead in uniting Italy.
• He strengthened the military and Industry.
• Allied with France and England.

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Sardinia and France

• Austria was the greatest barrier to Italian
  unity.
• French Emperor Napoleon III wanted to increase
  French influence in Italy.
• Cavour hoped that with Austria out, Italian
  states would join with him.

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War with Austria

• Sardinia provoked Austria to war and France sent
  troops to help.
• Austria was quickly defeated in Italy.
• States of Lombardy, Venetia, Tuscany, Modena, and
  Parma join Sardinia.
• French signs treaty with Austria.
• Austria gets Ventia back. France gets Nice and
  Savoy. Sardinia gets Lombardy.

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Unifying the South

• Southern half of Italy was made up of the Kingdom
  of the Two Sicilies.
• Giuseppe Garibaldi was leader of nationalistic
  movement.
• Formed and army of 1,000 men and captured Sicily
  and Naples.
• Marched to Papal States.
• Cavour thought that Garibaldi was becoming to
  popular and set up his own republic.
• Garibaldi stepped aside for Sardinia.

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Problems of Unification

• Papal states were added to Italy by 1870 and
  Austria was ran out of Italy in 1866.
• Few Italians had experienced self-government.
• There were cultural differences between the south
  and north.
• North was more industrial and south agricultural.