German and Italian Unification

1
German and Italian Unification

• These two areas, Germany and Italy, will become
  unified nations for similar and different
  reasons.
• Lets look briefly at them, side by side, and see
  the similarities between them.

2
German and Italian Unification

• German States
• Prussia Greatest State
• Dynamic Leader
• Bismarck Like a Prime Minister. Runs the show
• William I King of Prussia

• Italian States
• Piedmont Sardinia Greatest State
• Dynamic Leader
• Cavour Like a Prime Minister Runs the show
• Victor Emmanuel Like a King of Sardinia
• Mazzini/Garibaldi- Both want a Republic, Cavour
  does not.

3
German and Italian Unification

• German States
• Issues
• Prussia seeks a common German State
• They will lead,others have to follow
• Has to deal with liberals who do not want spent
  on the military
• Austria, another German State, is nearly as
  strong as Prussia

• Italian States
• Issues
• Have never been unified since the fall of Rome
• Have separate Agendas
• North Industry
• South Agriculture
• Have a strong foreign presence in their area
• Austria
• France

4
German and Italian Unification

• German States
• Who wants what?
• Bismarck wants to increase the size of Prussia
• If it means a unified Germany, so be it
• He is a Prussian before he is a German
• William I is willing to let Bismarck Run the
  show

• Italian States
• Who wants what?
• Cavour feels that a strong, industrial Piedmont
  will lead the rest of the States. Power
  unification
• Mazzini and Cavour want unification based on
  political ideology A Republic
• Victor Emmanuel - is willing to let Cavour run
  the show

5
German and Italian Unification

• German States
• Obstacles to Unification
• Austria- they are a powerful German State with
  a different agenda than Prussia
• France they control land that used to belong to
  Prussia
• Political Differences- Between Bismarck and the
  wealthy classes (over for war)

• Italian States
• Obstacles to Unification
• Austria They control/manage Piedmont
• France They control parts of the Center of
  Italy
• Political Differences Between Cavour, who has
  no problem having a King as long as Italy is
  unified, and Garibaldi, who wants Italy to be a
  Republic.

6
German and Italian Unification

• German States
• Steps to Unification
• Bismarck raises for the Military
• Allies with Russia to Take back Schleswig and
  Holstein
• Provokes Austria to was and crushes them in 7
  Weeks War
• Provokes France and crushes them (revenge for
  Napoleon)
• Establishes Germany in 1871

• Italian States
• Steps to Unification
• Sardinia Provokes Austria into battle and beats
  them (with French help)
• Garibaldi gathers his army Red Shirts in the
  south, they conquer and move north
• Cavour links with Garibaldi,and France is finally
  is driven from Italy because they were being
  beaten by Prussia

7
German and Italian Unification

• German States
• Results of Unification
• A strong, Industrialized and Militarized German
• Austria is on its own
• Increased Tension between France and Germany
• The seeds of the Germany we will see in WWI

• Italian States
• Results of Unification
• Division between North and South Italy
• Political Unity, but not cultural or social unity
• The connection,of Unification, between Italy and
  Germany that will make them allies in WWI WWII