Puritan New England

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Puritan New England

• Chapter 2 Section 3

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Puritans Create a New England

• A different group of English people settled north
  of Jamestown.
• They were members of a religious group that
  wanted to purify the Church of England by
  removing some of its Catholic practices.
• Because of this they were known as Puritans

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• Puritans believed in the idea of a priesthood of
  all believers.
• This meant that every worshipper should
  experience God directly through faith, prayer,
  and study of the Bible instead of through
  services conducted by the church priests.

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• Some Puritans believed in trying to change the
  Church of England. Other Puritans chose to leave
  the Church of England and form their own
  congregations. They were known as Separatists.

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• The English king punished anyone who broke away
  from the Church of England. One Separatist group,
  known as the Pilgrims, decided to leave England.

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• In 1620, they arrived in North America and
  founded Plymouth colony.

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Mayflower Compact

• The first constitution in North America
• Signed by 41 Pilgrim men who came to Plymouth on
  the Mayflower in 1620.
• Provided laws and established separation between
  their church and the state of England.

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• In 1630, another group of Puritans sailed to
  North America. Like the Pilgrims, they came to
  practice their religion without fear of
  punishment.

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• They started a settlement called the
  Massachusetts Bay Colony.

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• By 1640, more than 20,000 English settlers lived
  there.
• The region would become known as New England.

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• Unlike the settlers in Jamestown, the Puritans
  were well prepared to live in this land. They
  were organized and had many supplies. John
  Winthrop was the settlements first governor of
  the Massachusetts Bay Colony (New England).

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• The Puritans wanted to create a society that all
  people could look up to.
• All adult male members of the Puritan church
  could vote.
• The Puritans also placed a great deal of
  importance on families and church authority.

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• They also stressed hard work
• No matter what ones duties were, Puritans
  believed that God required men and women to work
  long and hard at them.

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• This Puritan work ethic helped lead to the rapid
  growth and success of the New England colonies.

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Dissent in the Puritan Community

• The Puritans came to America to practice their
  religion in freedom. However, they did not like
  dissent, or the expression of other points of
  view.

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• A minister named Roger Williams preached that the
  settlers should buy not take land from the
  Native Americans.
• He also said that government officials should not
  punish those with different religious views.

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• Williams views angered Puritan leaders. They
  soon ordered his arrest. In 1636, Williams fled
  Massachusetts Bay. He settled a new colony in
  what is now Rhode Island.

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Anne Hutchinson

• Another Puritan dissenter was Anne Hutchinson.
  She taught people that they did not need church
  leaders to interpret the bible. She told them
  they could gain enlightenment on their own
  through the holy spirit.

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• In 1638 she was banished from the colony. 1st she
  went to Rhode Island. She eventually settled in
  New Netherlands (New York). There was religious
  toleration there.

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Native Americans resist Colonial Expansion

• At first, Puritans and the local Native Americans
  helped each other.

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• As England grew, however, settlers began to seize
  Native American lands.

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• In addition, the settlers tried to force the
  Native Americans to accept Puritan laws and
  religion.

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• Many Native Americans saw the Puritans as a
  threat to their way of life.
• They did not like the fact that their lands were
  being claimed and cleared for farming.

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• The Native Americans exchanged land for blankets,
  guns, iron tools, and other things.
• They believed they were agreeing to share the
  land for a period of time.
• Europeans saw it as buying land.

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The Pequot War

• The 1st major conflict arose in Connecticut in
  1637.
• The Pequot Nation decided to stand up to the
  colonists.
• The colonists got the Narragansett, enemies of
  the Pequot, to help them.

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• In May 1637, the colonists and their allies
  surrounded a Pequot fort by the Mystic River.
• They lit it on fire.
• When the Pequot tried to escape or surrender they
  were shot.
• 500 to 600 were killed.
• The Narragansett pleaded for the colonist not to
  keep killing, but they were ignored.

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King Phillips War

• Without their land, many Native Americans found
  themselves working for the colonists and having
  to follow their laws.
• No hunting or fishing on Sundays.

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King Philips War

• The Wampanoag chief Metacom (know as King Philip
  by the English) got a few tribes together to kick
  them out.
• King Philips War began in the spring of 1675.
• 1/10 of the colonists of military age would die.

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King Philips War

• They used hit and run tactics for over a year.
• Heavy casualties eventually caused them to
  surrender.
• Metacom was killed during the war.

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• The First American ruler Metacom (also known as
  King Philip) led an attack on 52 colonial
  villages throughout Massachusetts. However,
  Metacom's forces were no match for the settlers'
  guns and cannons.

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• His head was put on display by the Puritans for
  20 years afterwards at Plymouth.

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• As in Spanish lands, the native peoples suffered
  even more from disease than from warfare.
  Thousands upon thousands of Native Americans died
  from European illnesses.

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