The Settlement of New England

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The Settlement of New England
Susan Pojer / Pamela K. Montague
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Protestant Reformation

• Produces Puritanism
• Martin Luther Bible alone is source of Gods
  word
• John Calvin / Calvinism
• Dominant theology in ALL colonies
• Humans weak wicked due to original sin
• Predestination on eternal salvation only the
  chosen
• Good works CANNOT save the damned
• Christ died to save only the chosen
• Anglicans didnt advocate ARMINIANISM (good works
  buys a ticket to heaven) its heresy- but
  suggested good works might get favor with God
• Fear of James I
• Married to a Catholic
• No advances under him for Protestantism except
  King James version of Bible

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Pilgrims?
How are Pilgrims the purest Puritans?
vs.
Puritans?
Whats the difference?
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The Pilgrims

• Separatists who thought only
• visible saints should get church membership
• 1608 migrated to Holland (Netherlands) but
• Form joint-stock company migrate to America in
  1620
• 100 people/35 are Pilgrims - on Mayflower 66
  days
• Headed to Hudson River but .
• Landed north of their destination at Cape Cod Bay
  and stayed

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The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1620

• WHY did the Pilgrims draw it up?
• Entered into because Pilgrims were outside
  control of Virginia Co.
• Early example that society should be based on
  rules set by its own members
• TOWN MEETINGS
• a defining characteristic of New England
• Based on majority rule
• Select Governor

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William Bradford
Elected 30 times!
Of Plymouth Plantation Plymouth will
eventually merge with MA Bay colony (Puritans) in
1691 becomes MA
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Tisquantuma/k/aSQUANTO

• Knew English had traveled to England but tried
  to return (with John Smith) in 1614
• Kidnapped by another Englishman attempting to
  sell him into slavery in Spain rescued by monks
• Finally made his way back to England then
  America in 1619
• Helped Pilgrims survive after 1st hard winter
  (where over half died) by teaching them to
  cultivate maize

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THE FIRST THANKSGIVING

• October, 1621
• National Holiday by 1942

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Presidential Turkey Pardons
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Puritan Migration

• 1629 Charles I dismissed Parliament allowed
  persecution of Puritans
• Approx. 70,000 Puritans left England during the
  Great Migration
• 1620-1650
• Most went to West Indies
• Other to
• 10,000 in MA by 1640

Great Migration, 1620-1650
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Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Royal charter from MA Bay Company
• Approx. 1,000 to Boston in 1630
• Come in family units
• Create elected legislature General Court how
  is membership limited?
• Limited to
• What do they see as the purpose of government?
• So what type of govt is it?

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Prepare a CAPPS Analysis of this document
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John Winthrop
Governor of Massachusetts
We shall be as a city on a hill, the eyes of all
people are upon us. . .

• Social experiment to create a utopian community
• To be a beacon to humanity believed they have
  covenant w/God to build a holy society that
  would be a model for all mankind
• God is found in scriptures a strong work ethic
• Puritans later

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Puritan Rebels
Roger Williams Liberty of Conscience
Anne Hutchinson Antinomianism

• Why does he become unpopular with his Salem
  congregation?
• With landowners?
• Where does he go?
• Will found a Baptist church

• What is antinomianism?
• What ultimately happens to her?

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Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire

• RHODE ISLAND SEWER of the colonies
• Individualistic / Independent. like..?
• Roger Williams sep. of church and state
• Complete freedom of religion Catholics
  Jews/first Baptists here
• No oaths, no
• Universal manhood suffrage meaning?
• (later, require property)
• CONNECTICUT
• Founder is Rev. Thomas Hooker
• 1st written Constitution the
• Many Boston Puritans
• NEW HAMPSHIRE/MAINE
• Settled for fishing, trading
• Maine gets absorbed by MA Bay Colony
• NH becomes royal colony by 1679

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The Pequot Wars 1636-1637
The more English that arrive push inland, the
less peace there is with the Indians.
Why significant?
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A Pequot VillageDestroyed, 1637
Colonists their Narragansett allies slaughter
the Pequots in Mystic village. Set fire to their
wigwams then shot them as they fled.
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NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION

• Formed by _________________, 1643
• MA Bay, Plymouth Connecticut (Puritan Club)
• Purpose?
• Not getting much assistance from England civil
  war
• Significance?
• Broken up by Charles II in 1684
• Took charter away from MA Bay colony

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King Phillips War1675-1676

• METACOM (King Phillip) forms Indian alliance and
  launches vicious attacks on the colonies - 52
  Puritan towns attacked 12 entirely destroyed.

• New England Confederation effort against him
• Significance?

Metacom What happened to him?
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D0MINION OF NEW ENGLAND

• Imposed by?
• Joined which colonies?
• Sir Edmund Andros openly
• pro-Anglican
• Purpose?
• Result?
• Andros taxed w/o consent no town meetings
  allowed
• Glorious Revolution (William Mary, 1688) brings
  end to it
• MA loses charter royal colony
• Who votes in MA now?
• SALUTARY NEGLECT sets in! What is it?

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Population of the New England Colonies
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Characteristics of New England Settlements

• Diversified economy encouraged by climate..how?
• Low mortality ? average life expectancy was 70
  years of age.
• Lack of diversity - ENGLISH
• Emigrated in family units
• Many extended families.
• Average 6 children per family.
• Average age at marriage Women 22 years old
  Men 27 years old.
• Puritan Work Ethic!

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Puritan Values Beliefs

• One could lead a Godly life and still profit
  financially.
• God dictated the Bible as a complete guide to
  life
• _______________ was central to understanding the
  Bible and conducting business.
• Individual Christians could communicate with God
  directly through their consciences.
• The rich had an obligation to ______________and
  that the poor had an obligation to obey.
• ________________was part of the natural order and
  divinely ordained.
• Work!! Idleness was a sin.
• American Identity? from the Puritans

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Population ComparisonsNew England v. the
Chesapeake
What does the graph reflect about
life expectancy in America and England?
Why is life expectancy so high in New England?
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Land Division inSudbury, MA 1639-1656
Tightly knit, planned communities What is the
political defining characteristic of New England
govt? What type of democracy?

• Had meeting house for town meetings/church a
  village green surrounded by houses
• Land for firewood, pasture and crops was
  distributed to all the residents
• All people are close to town come to meetings

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Patriarchy

• Authoritarian male father figures controlled each
  household.
• Patriarchal ministers judges
  controlled church congregations andhouseholds.
• Women subordinate cant inherit land limited
  to domestic sphere children to be seen, but not
  heard emulate adults.
• Families allowed to discipline each others
  children to make sure punishment was harsh
  enough.
• Blue Laws enforced.
• (things not allowedusually on Sun.)

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EDUCATION

• Extremely important WHY?
• 1647 MA School Law provided
• Towns of over 50
• 1636, ________ College established
• Its purpose?

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Disruptions in New England Society

• Declining religious zeal
• Thriving economy was a major cause
• Population dispersing away from town to outlying
  farms.outside control of church
• Led to Halfway Covenant, 1662
• Eased requirements for membership
• Granted
• Result of Halfway Covenant

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New England Colonies, 1650