Settling New England

1
Settling New England

• Puritans, Separatists, and the Errand in the
  Wilderness

2
Differences with Chesapeake

• Middle-class, family migration
• Longer life spans
• Villages
• Self-sufficient, English-style farms
• Congregational Church

3
Calvinism

• Wanted simple church building service, not
  elaborate vestments rituals
• Believed church was covenant community of Gods
  elect
• Belief in predestination based on understanding
  of Gods sovereignty
• Still saw need for piety evangelism

John Calvin
4
Initial attempts to colonize

• Bartholomew Gosnold explored coast in 1603, but
  attempt to colonize Cuttyhunk abandoned
• Plymouth Co. briefly est. colony at Sagadahoc
  (1607-08)
• Colony led by George Popham Raleigh Gilbert
• Abandoned due to hostilities with Indians harsh
  winter
• John Smith led another expedition in 1614 named
  it New England

Raleigh Gilbert
John Smith
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PlymouthThe first new england colony

• Separatists est. Plymouth colony (1620)
• had lived in Netherlands for many years
• landed at tip of Cape Cod, but settled in
  abandoned Patuxet village
• Tried to live peacefully with Indians
• Signed treaty with Massasoit
• Aided by Tisquantum, who had spent 9 years in
  England

The Mayflower II
Plymouth Fort/Meetinghouse
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puritan New England

• Puritans established
• Massachusetts Bay (1628) est. by John Winthrop as
  city on a hill
• Connecticut (1635) est. by Mass. Bay settlers
  no royal charter until 1662
• New Haven (1638) est. by Theophilus Eaton Rev.
  John Davenport absorbed into Connecticut in
  1662
• Sir Ferdinando Gorges John Mason granted
  northern territory divided it at Piscataqua
  River
• Gorges took Maine
• Mason took New Hampshire
• Mass. claimed both in 1640s
• N.H. became separate in 1679

7
Handling dissidents

• Dissenters exiled
• Roger Williams est. Rhode Island (1636)
• Anne Hutcheson exiled from Boston in 1638 as
  antinomian
• Quakers persecuted when they began arriving in
  1650s

Roger Williams
Anne Hutcheson
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Relations with the Indians

• Tried to convert civilize Indians
• viewed them as irrational children, enslaved by
  passions needed education
• viewed them as lazy needed discipline
• est. praying towns like Natick to get them to
  settle down assimilate
• Metacoms War (1675-76) was last gasp of Indian
  resistance in New England
• 5,000 Indians 2,500 English killed

Great Seal of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay
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(No Transcript)
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New England Government

• Towns corporations
• Land divided among founding settlers
• Reserve land divided later for 2nd 3rd
  generations
• all landowners took part in decision-making
• 3 Overlapping Units
• Church born-again men and women
• had to testify to conversion could receive
  sacraments
• Half-Way Covenant (1662) blurred distinction
• had to be church member to hold office in Mass.
  Bay
• Ecclesiastical Society all adult males
  controlled meetinghouse schools
• Town Meeting all adult males

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New England Society

• Population doubled every 27 years
• Subsistence-plus economy
• families grew enough to feed themselves
• surplus traded with neighbors currency scarce
• Struggling commercial economy began to emerge in
  coastal region
• Few slaves generally well-treated
• Far less conflict because far less inequality of
  wealth than just about anywhere else at that time
• Education considered crucial
• Mass. Bay (1647) Conn. (1650) required towns to
  provide public schools
• Harvard College est. in 1636 to train clergy

Pine Tree Cent, Massachusetts
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New England Colonies by 1700