New England Colonies

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New England Colonies
Objective Understand why colonists left
Massachusetts and state where they went after
they left
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Massachusetts
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Reasons for founding the colony

• Wanted Religious Freedom
• They wanted to separate from the Anglican church
  (Church of England)

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Date Established Location
The Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts in 1620
They called this new place Plymouth after a port
city in England
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Important people

• John Carver arranged financial backing, chosen
  as first governor
• William Bradford- second governor

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Important People

• Samoset- Native American who greeted the pilgrims
  in English
• Squanto- taught the Pilgrims how to survive,
  hunt, fish, and plant crops

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Way of Life

• 100 men, women and children
• Ship was the Mayflower
• They were headed for Virginia but were blown off
  course
• Signed the Mayflower Compact which set up a form
  of self government

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Pilgrims

• Suffered a starving time
• Natives helped them survive

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Way of Life

• In the fall of 1621 they had an abundant harvest
  and shared their bounty with the Natives, this
  feast is thought to be the first in the
  English colonies

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Puritans

• Date established 1630
• Location Massachusetts Bay Colony (later became
  Boston)

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Puritans

• Important People
• John Winthrop represented the Puritans and
  requested a charter from the king.

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Puritans

• Reasons for founding the colony
• Religious freedom they wanted to change
  (purify) the Anglican Church
• Way of life
• 1630 marked the beginning of the Great Migration
  (16,000 people within 10 years)
• It became a commonwealth (self-governing
  political unit)

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Puritans

• Way of Life
• General Court -made the laws
• Puritans came for religious freedom, but did not
  believe in religious toleration (the acceptance
  of others beliefs).
• They treated those who disagreed with them
  harshly.
• Some were forced to leave the colony other left
  to start their own colonies.
• Salem Witch Trials

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Puritans and the Salem Witch Trials
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Rhode Island
Date Established Location
We're Not REALLY An Island
1636
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Important People
VIP

• Roger Williams minister in Salem, believed the
  church had too much power, people shouldnt have
  to belong to the church to vote.

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Important People

• 2. Anne Hutchinson outspoken Puritan who
  believed church leaders should not be so powerful
  and that women should have a more powerful place
  in society.
• 3. This idea outraged Puritan leaders and she was
  put on trial and banished by the General Court
  for being a woman unfit for our society.

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Reasons for founding the colony

• Williams was banished by the General Court in
  1635.

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Way of Life

• Separation of church and state idea that the
  church and government should be separate.
• 2. Today this is a basic principle of American
  government.
• Williams also believed that colonists could not
  legally settle on the land unless they bought it
  from the natives. He purchased land from the
  Wampanoag and named it Providence.
• 4. People who were unhappy with the Puritan
  church were welcome there.

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Connecticut

• 1636

New York City's Other Suburb
Date Established Location
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Important People

• Thomas Hooker minster who led his congregation
  from Mass. to Conn.
• He wanted to limit the power of the government.

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Reasons for founding the colony

• Some Puritans left by their own choice.
• Massachusetts was becoming too crowded and they
  traveled west looking for better farmland.

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Way of Life

• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut this document
  was the first American Constitution or plan of
  government.
• It provided an assembly and an elective governor.
• 3. All men who where property owners could vote.

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New Hampshire Maine

• Date Established Location
• 1622

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Important People

• John Mason Sir Ferdinando Gorges received
  grant of land.

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Reasons for founding the colony

• Massachusetts claimed the land.

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Way of Life

1. New Hampshire becomes royal Colony in 1680.
2. Maine remained part of Massachusetts until 1820.

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Middle Colonies
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
New York
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Middle Colonies

• Economy was based on farming
• Why was this a good area to farm? Why is it
  better than in the New England colonies?
• Climate was warmer
• Longer growing season
• Fertile soil
• (New England-rocky, thin soil long coast
  line-good fishing, ship building)

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Middle Colonies

• What do you think the term cash crops means?
• People would produce surplus products to sell and
  trade, thus making a profit
• Top cash crop was WHEAT
• They produced to much wheat that they were given
  the nickname breadbasket colonies

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New York

• Date established 1634
• Important People
• Henry Hudson was the first to explore and claim
  New York in 1609
• Peter Minuit the governor of the colony, paid
  the Native Americans approximately 24 in beads,
  knives and other trading goods for the island of
  Manhattan.

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Manhattan
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New York

• Reasons for founding the colony
• Expand trade
• Way of Life
• This land was originally controlled by the Dutch
  and was called New Amsterdam
• It grew very slowly. To encourage more settlers
  the Dutch West India Company gave huge tracts of
  riverfront land to anyone who would bring 50 new
  settlers.

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New York

• Way of Life
• These new landowners or patroons, ran their huge
  estates as they wished, enforcing their own laws.
• In 1644, the English government took over the
  colony without a fight.
• It was renamed in honor of the Kings brother.
  (The Duke of York)

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New Jersey

• Date Established 1665
• Important People
• Lord John Berkley and George Carteret were given
  some land from the Duke of York because he
  couldnt manage all of his property

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New Jersey

• Way of Life
• Neither proprietor actively worked to develop the
  colony
• They followed Yorks policy of religious freedom
• New Jersey became a royal colony in 1702.

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Pennsylvania

• Date Established 1681
• Important People
• William Penn founder of the colony, he went to
  jail several times for expressing his beliefs.

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Pennsylvania

• Reasons for founding the colony
• The colony was founded as a home to a religious
  community, known as the Quakers.

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Pennsylvania

• Way of Life
• Quakers believed in religious toleration
• They believed that all people were equal in the
  sight of God.
• Women were allowed to speak in their
  meetinghouses.

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Pennsylvania

• Way of Life
• They opposed war and refused to pay taxes
• They were the first religious group to take a
  stand against slavery
• They also paid the Native Americans fairly for
  their land

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Pennsylvania

• Way of Life
• Penns father had once loaned King Charles a
  large sum of money. To repay the loan, Penn was
  given a large grant of land in America. He named
  it Pennsylvania Penns Woods

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Delaware

• Date Established
• 1704
• Important People
• Swedish settlers
• Reasons for founding
• Expand trade

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Delaware

• Ways of Life
• Pennsylvania was landlocked and had no access to
  seaports to ship its goods
• The Duke of York gave land to Pennsylvania to
  allow for shipping
• Later this became Delaware.

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Southern Colonies
Virginia
Maryland
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
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Southern Colonies

• The climate of these states is warm and humid.
• Hot summers provide a long growing season.
• What crops were grown in the Southern Colonies?
• Tobacco, Rice, and Indigo (and cotton)

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Jamestown

• Date Established 1607
• Location Virginia

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Jamestown

• Important People
• John Smith- 1st leader
• He that will not work, shall not eat
• Pocahontas- daughter of the chief, begged for
  John Smiths life to be saved

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Jamestown

• Important People
• John Rolfe taught the men how to grow tobacco
• William 1st child of African descent born in
  the English colonies

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Jamestown

• Reasons for Founding the Colony
• Expand trade and share in the rich new continent.
• Products and Industries (economy)
• Tobacco- allowed the colonys economy to flourish

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Jamestown

• 1. Colonists faced hardships when men wouldnt
  work and food ran low.
• 2. Smith emerged as a leader and ordered people
  to work
• 3. Smith bargained with the local natives for
  supplies

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Jamestown

• 4. John Rolfe introduced tobacco and the colony
  earned huge profits
• 5. Planters hired indentured servants (people
  who agreed to work for a certain number of years
  in exchange for their passage)

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Jamestown

• 6. 1619- 1st slaves arrived, some were later
  freed
• 7. House of Burgesses- made laws to govern the
  colony, only adult free men could elect
  representatives.

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Virginia (Jamestown) in 1619

• 1619 is a Big Year!
• 1st boatload of Africans
• 1st boatload of women
• 1st labor strike
• 1st time English settlers are allowed to own land
• 1st elected lawmakers

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Virginia (Jamestown)

• Cash crops in the southern colonies were labor
  intensive
• what does that mean?
• Required lots of workers
• Hard, manual labor
• Long hours in the hot sun
• Who did they get to do the work?
• slaves

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Virginia (Jamestown)

• Wealthy Virginia tobacco planters bought most of
  the farmland near the coast.
• Colonists Gold in the form of a leaf
• Needed Slaves to grow the crop
• Allowed Jamestown to Make It!!!
• Why would they want their plantations located
  near the coast?
• Easier to ship their goods to England
• What effect did this have on poor people who
  wanted to settle and farm in Virginia?
• They had to move inland to find good farmland
  (which caused conflict with the Native Americans

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Bacons Rebellion

• Nathaniel Bacon led 1,000 farmers in attacks on
  Native Americansthey were fighting over land
• The governor did not step in to help resolve the
  tension and later punished

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Maryland

• Date Established 1632
• Important People
• Cecil Calvert was granted a charter to establish
  Maryland
• Reasons for founding the colony
• Religious freedom

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Maryland

• Way of Life
• Calvert gave land to settlers willing to move to
  Maryland, extra acres for each child and servant
• The settlers bought their land from the Native
  Americans, paying with axes, tools and clothing
• Excellent waterways made it easy to ship goods to
  and from England

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Maryland

• Way of Life
• Tobacco was the most profitable crop
• Toleration Act was passed to guarantee all
  Christians the right to worship as they pleased

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North Carolina (Roanoke)

• Date established 1587
• Location Roanoke Island, North Carolina
• Important People
• Sir Walter Raleigh-raised the money to found the
  colony

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North Carolina (Roanoke)

• Important People
• John White-led the 2nd attempt
• Virginia Dare-1st American born child of English
  parents
• Reasons for founding the colony
• Set up a farming community

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North Carolina (Roanoke)

• Way of Life
• White returned to England for supplies
• He returned 3 years later and found the island
  deserted
• Only clue was Croatoan
• Their fate remains a mystery

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North and South Carolina

• Date Established
• 1663
• Important People
• group of eight nobles
• Reason for founding the colony
• profit from trade and selling land

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North and South Carolina

• Way of Life
• King Charles gave large tracts of land to the men
• They advertised land to attract settlers
• Started growing indigo a plant that produces a
  blue dye
• Others grew rice

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Advertisement for Carolinas

• but up the River about 20 or 30 mile, where they
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  plenty of as rich ground as any in the world
• The Woods are stored with Deer and Wild Turkeys,
  of a great magnitude, weighing many times above
  50lbs a piece, and of a more pleasant taste than
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  food and also Fowls, whose names are not known
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• Every Free-man and Free-woman that transport
  themselves and Servants by the 25 of March next,
  being 1667. shall have for Himself, Wife,
  Children, and Men-servants, for each 100 Acres of
  Land for him and his Heirs for ever, and for
  every Woman-servant and Slave 50 Acres

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Georgia

• Date Established
• 1732
• Important People
• James Oglethorpe
• Reasons for founding the colony
• Protection from Spanish Florida and home for
  debtors

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Georgia

• Way of Life
• Thousands of English men, women and children were
  in prison, most for owing small amounts of money
• They could not be released until they paid their
  debt, yet they had no way to earn it
• They could move to Georgia and work to pay off
  debts
• King George II wanted a buffer between South
  Carolina and Spanish troops in Florida.

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Debtors Prison in England