Anatomy and Physiology

1
Anatomy andPhysiology
2
ANATOMY DEFINITIONS

• MUSCLES - exert forces to create movement and
  to hold
• the body in various positions.
• BONES - provide the framework to which muscles,
• ligaments and tendons attach.
• LIGAMENTS - connect bone to bone.
• TENDONS - attach muscle to bone.
• NERVES - allow signals to be transmitted to and
  from
• brain.
• VEINS/ARTERIES (VASCULAR) - allow for proper
• blood circulation.

3
Overexertion Injury Types

• Strains
• Muscles
• Tendons
• Sprains
• Ligaments
• Disc / Nerve
• Prolapse or herniation of disc
• Sciatic nerve

4
Common CTDs

• Tendonitis
• Tenosynovitis
• Trigger Finger
• Epicondylitis
• Thorasic Outlet Syndrome
• Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

5
Tendon Tendon Sheaths
6
Carpal Tunnel
7
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
8
Hand Nerve Patterns
9
Common Upper Extremity Cumulative Trauma Disorders
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Rotator Cuff Tendinitis
Bicipital Tenosynovitis
Radial Nerve
Lateral Epicondylitis
Median Nerve
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Ulnar Nerve
Gaylon Tunnel Syndrome
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
Two Kinds of Back Injuries
MUSCULAR
SPINAL
14
Muscular Injuries

• Heal Quickly
• Most muscle injuries heal within 10 days
• Once Injured, can be as good as new

15
Muscle Blood Usage
Resting
Dynamic
Static
blood flow supplied
blood flow needed
blood flow supplied
blood flow needed
blood flow needed
blood flow supplied
16
The Spine
Cervical Curve
Thoracic Curve
Lumbar Curve
17
Spinal Column
Cervical Vertebrae
L Lumbar S Sacrum
L1
Thoracic Vertebrae
L2
L3
L4
L5
S1
Lumbar Vertebrae
S2
S3
S4
S5
Sacrum
Coccyx
18
The Spine
Top View
Side View
19
Structure of the Spine
Disc
Facet Joint
Soft Center
Outer Ring
Nerve Root
Vertebrae
20
The Spine
Scar tissue from healing fractures hinders
passage of nutrients to disc resulting in
gradual weakening and de-generation.
21
Spinal Discs Under Various Loads
Torsion Load
Normal Load
Additional Load
Uneven Load
22
Disc Degeneration