Chapter 3 Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

1
Chapter 3Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
2
Genital Self-Exam

• Purposes of self exams
• Increases sexual comfort
• Monitor for changes related to health concerns

3
The Vulva

• External female genitalia
• Mons veneris
• Labia majora
• Labia minora

4
The Vulva
5
The Clitoris

• Only function is sexual arousal
• Clitoral stimulation most common way women
  achieve orgasm
• Female genital mutilation

6
The Underlying Structures of the Vulva
7
The Vulva

• Vestibule (inside the labia minora)
• Urethral opening
• Vaginal introitus (opening)
• Hymen
• Perineum
• Episiotomy

8
Underlying Structures

• Vestibular bulbs
• Bartholins glands
• Pelvic floor muscles
• Kegel exercises

9
Underlying Structures
10
Internal Structures Vagina

• 3 layers mucous, muscle, fibrous
• Arousal and vaginal lubrication
• Lubrication changes vaginal pH and increases
  pleasure
• Grafenberg (G) spot
• Secretions chemical balance

11
Internal Structures
12
Internal Structures

• Cervix
• Uterus
• 3 layers and fundus
• Fallopian tubes
• Fimbriae
• Ovaries
• Up to 472,000 immature ova at birth
• 400 mature in lifetime
• Ovulation is the release of ovum

13
Menstruation

• Sloughing off of uterine lining
• Myths and negative attitudes
• Menarche (initial onset)
• Age 11-15
• Dependent on
• Heredity
• Health
• Altitude

14
Menstrual Physiology

• Flow
• lasts from 2 to 6 days
• Volume
• varies from 6 to 8 ounces
• Duration
• varies 24 to 42 days
• Menstrual synchrony

15
Changes During the Menstrual Cycle
16
The Menstrual Cycle

• Hypothalamus releases chemicals that stimulate
  pituitary
• Pituitary produces
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone
• Lutenizing Hormone
• Negative feedback mechanism

17
Three Phases of The Menstrual Cycle

• Menstrual
• Shedding of endometrium
• Proliferative
• Thickening of endometrium, follicle maturation
  ovulation
• Secretory
• Corpus luteum development, further thickening of
  endometrium

18
Menstrual Cycle Problems

• Premenstrual syndrome
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
• Dysmenorrhea
• painful menses
• Amenorrhea
• no menses
• Self-help for menstrual symptoms
• Diet
• Exercise
• Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

19
Menopause Terms

• Climacteric
• Physiological changes during transition period of
  fertility to infertility
• Perimenopause
• Time before menopause
• Menopause
• Permanent cessation of menstruation

20
Menopausal Symptoms

• Amenorrhea, then menopause
• Hot flashes or warm spells
• Night sweats, interrupted sleep
• Headaches, poor concentration
• Depression, anxiety
• Symptoms vary from mild to strong

21
Hormone Therapy

• Estrogen
• Benefits/Problems
• Progesterone
• Benefits/Problems
• Testosterone
• Benefits/Problems
• Bioidentical Hormones

22
Gynecological Health Concerns

• Urinary tract infections
• Vaginal infections
• Pap smear screens for cervical cancer
• Hysterectomy or oophorectomy
• Most frequently performed U.S. operation
• More frequently performed on low income, less
  educated women
• Non-surgical options

23
The Breast

• Secondary sex characteristics
• Mammary glands produce milk
• Areola is darker area
• Nipple is in center of areola has openings for
  milk

24
Cross-Section of Breast
25
Breast Exam Part 1
26
Breast Exam Part 2
27
Breast Health

• Breast Lumps
• Cysts (fluid-filled sacs)
• Fibroadenomas (solid, round, benign tumors)
• Malignant tumor
• Breast cancer
• Treatments
• Risk factors
• Reconstructive breast surgery
• Benefits of early detection treatment