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The Middle Ages

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Title: The Middle Ages


1
The Middle Ages
2
The Middle Ages By Period
  • Early Middle Ages 500 1000 (The Dark Ages)
  • -Rise of the Franks Merovingians/Clovis
    I/Charlemagne
  • -Monks/Monasteries preserve knowledge
  • High Middle Ages 1000 1250 (The Crusades)
  • -Increased Catholic Church Power
  • -Ongoing battles against Muslims in Spain (began
    in 8th century)
  • Late Middle Ages 1250 1450 (The Plague
    Recovery)
  • -Resurgence of learning and inventions lead to
    Renaissance
  • -Increased Catholic Church power leads to
    Reformation
  • -Regional Kingdoms gain power leading to
    increased trade routes and Exploration

3
The Middle Ages
  • Major Events
  • 476ce - Destruction of Western Roman Empire
  • 500-1000 Creation of Feudal Kingdoms
  • 700-800s Rise of powerful Kings (Clovis, Charles
    Martel, Charlemagne)
  • 800s - Viking Invasions of Europe
  • 11th Century - Christian Crusades
  • 1054 - Great Schism of Christianity
  • Mid-14th Century The Bubonic Plague Black Death
    strikes western Europe
  • 13th-15th Centuries Rise of Nation-States of
    Europe

4
The Middle Ages
  • After the fall of Rome, Europe was in a state of
    chaos with no government
  • Also known as the Medieval Period or the Dark
    Ages because of the lack of development (trade,
    education, govt reform).
  • Life expectancy goes up while life becomes
    harder/harsher/more dangerouswhy?
  • Lasted from about 500 to 1000CE in Europe
  • Trade slowed, towns emptied, learning slowed

5
The Middle Ages
  • Three Main Groups
  • Those Who Work - Feudalism
  • Those Who Pray - Catholic Church
  • Those Who Fight - Kings, Knights, The Crusades

6
Those Who Work Feudalism
  • Govt organized to protect territories from
    invaders

7
Feudalism/Manorialism
  • People left cities to live on manors (the lords
    estate) in order to grow food to live
  • Self-sufficient communities where people produced
    everything they needed
  • Feudalism social/economic/political system
  • Manorialism Self-sufficient manors 3-field
    system

-Peasants paid taxes on milling grains,
marriages, rents -Serfs could not leave without
permission treated like slaves children born
into serfdom
8
Feudalism
  • People left cities to live on manors (the lords
    estate) in order to grow food to live
  • Self-sufficient communities where people produced
    everything they needed

9
Feudalism
  • Peasants paid taxes on milling grains, marriages,
    rents
  • Serfs could not leave without permission
    treated like slaves children born into serfdom

10
Those Who Pray - The Catholic Church
  • The Church provided charity food, shelter,
    clothing to poor, orphans
  • Monasteries - become centers for learning Monks
    know how to read and write
  • Illuminated Manuscripts - handwritten copies of
    religious documents

11
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12
Catholic Church organization
13
The Catholic Church
  • Forced people to pay tithes to the Church
  • Could excommunicate members or kick them out of
    the church
  • Sold indulgences, simony
  • Kings and Nobles could appoint church officials

Indulgence- forgiveness for sins Simony- buy
church job
14
Medieval Art
  • Mostly religious based
  • Dark
  • Overly ornate
  • Gothic - Late Middle Ages

15
Gothic Architecture
16
The High Middle Ages - Those Who Fight
  • Lasted from 1100 to 1300 CE during this period,
    Europe developed nation-states with populations
    and a national unity
  • Nations led by kings, princes as rulers
  • Made war against others to obtain territory
  • Trade rose and towns developed
  • Catholic Church led wars for Christian domination

17
Rise of Nation-States
  • England
  • France
  • Holy Roman Empire
  • Spain

18
The Crusades
  • Holy wars to regain Jerusalem from the Muslims
    first called by Pope Urban II who promised
  • Forgiveness for sins
  • Cancellation of debts
  • Protection for families and property
  • Cancellation of criminal charges
  • Land and wealth (from the Turks)

19
The Crusades
  • 1st Crusade 3 groups marched to Holy Land
  • Most successful Crusaders captured Jerusalem
    Antioch massacred thousands of Muslims
  • Problems heat, supplies, disunity

20
The Crusades
  • 2nd Crusade Muslims retake Jerusalem group sent
    to take the city was defeated
  • 3rd Crusade (Kings Crusade) led by a few
    famouskings Muslims kept lands

21
The Crusades
  • 4th excommunicated after they conquered
    Christian Constantinople never reconquered Holy
    Land
  • Childrens Crusade - Army made up of children
    hoped Turks would give up Holy land children
    enslaved

22
Results of the Crusades
  • Discovery of new ideas, inventions, weapons from
    interactions with Muslims
  • Kings gained power
  • Status of women increased
  • Increased trade throughout Europe

23
The Plague
  • Black Death
  • Spread by rats, ticks from trading ships in the
    early 14th century
  • Killed half the population of Europe
  • Came back in waves

24
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25
The Disease Cycle
Flea drinks rat blood that carries the
bacteria.
Bacteria multiply in fleas gut.
Human is infected!
Fleas gut cloggedwith bacteria.
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into
human wound.
26
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Leeching
Also, tried containment and quarantine but often
too late or not enough places participate
A Doctors Robe
27
Attempts to Stop the Plague
FlagellantiSelf-inflicted penance for our
sins!
28
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Blame the Jews
Golden Circle obligatory badge
Jew hat
29
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30
Post-classical Europe Questions 600-1450ce
  • 1). What are Indulgences and Simony?
  • 2). Describe life in the Dark Ages? When do the
    Dark Ages begin?
  • 3). What is the difference between the beginning
    of the Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages?
  • 4). What special defensive structure helped
    people survive the Dark Ages?
  • 5). What is the major unifying force during the
    Dark Ages?
  • 6). Explain the Feudal system that existed in
    Europe during the Middle Ages. Write in sentences
    for this one please.
  • 7). How did the Plague spread and what are some
    reasons Europeans believe it happened?
  • 8). Why did European men choose to join the
    Crusades?
  • 9). How successful were the crusades? What are
    the major outcomes of the Crusades on Europe and
    on Dar-Al-Islam?
  • 10). Why did the plague spread globally during
    the Post Classical era instead of an earlier era?
    Why couldnt it spread globally during the
    Foundations period (8000-600bce)?
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