The Middle Ages

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The Middle Ages
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The Fall of Rome

• - Western Roman Empire fell in 476 CE
• - Western Europe divided into many kingdoms
• - Germanic Kingdoms Visigoths in Spain and
  Ostrogoths in Italy adopted Roman ways due to
  proximity
• - Angles and Saxons invaded Britain from Denmark
  and Germany, became Anglo-Saxons

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The Franks

• - led by King Clovis Clovis became Catholic,
  much of kingdom became Catholic
• - Clovis died, no one to follow, fights for
  control
• -Charles Martel, a noble, partnered with church
  to gain control of Franks
• - Muslims from North Africa invaded Spain,
  defeated by Martel, kept Christianity as main
  religion, gained huge support
• - Martels son, Pepin, defeated Germanic tribe,
  the Lombards who had invaded Italy and threatened
  the church, Pepin gave land to the church, became
  the Papal States

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Charlemagne (768-814CE)

• - Pepins son, Charles, expanded Frank Empire
  over most of Europe Charles earned the title of
  Charlemagne (Charles the Great)
• - On Christmas Day, Charlemagne worshipped at
  church in Rome, after service, crowned emperor of
  Rome by pope
• - Charlemagne was a great king, who promoted
  education, died, son divided three kingdoms, weak
  and suffered invasions
• - Frankish kingdom destroyed by invasion,
  replaced by many smaller kingdoms ruled by nobles

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Germany

• - Germany established in Eastern Frankish
  Kingdom, German king chosen, but had little
  power, figure head
• - Strongest German king, Otto I, defeated group
  that invaded Italy in order to protect the pope
• - Pope rewarded Otto by declaring Germany and
  Northern Italy (Papal States) the Holy Roman
  Empire

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Rome

• Christianity the national religion, the Catholic
  Church

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Monks/Missionaries

• Monks worked for church, took vows of poverty
• Spread Christianity, through missionaries
  throughout Europe after fall of Rome
• First famous, St. Patrick, spread Christianity to
  Ireland

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Monasteries

• Church community where monks worked
• Served as schools, provided food, served as
  hospitals, publishers, farms
• Became huge part of politics as a result
• Monasteries made a lot of money, money is power

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Abbots

• Leader of monastery
• Served as advisors to kings and acted as rulers
  of lands near monasteries

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The Franks

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•  Partnered with church to gain power and land
  Received Papal State from Franks

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Charlemagne

• Crowned Emperor by pope
• Church seen as choosing, legitimizing leaders

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Pope Gregory VII vs. Henry IV 

• Pope Gregory Issued decree which forbid kings
  from choosing high-ranking church officials
• Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor) declared Gregory no
  longer the pope
• Henry excommunicated
• Henry begged forgiveness, forced out
• Result Concordat of Worms

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Concordat of Worms

• Concordat Agreement between pope and ruler of a
  country
• Concordat of Worms Only the pope could choose
  bishops (high-ranking leaders), but only the
  emperor could give bishops government jobs

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Excommunication

•  To exclude a person from church membership
• Belief that a person that is excommunicated
  cannot go to heaven

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Interdict 

• Forbids Catholic priest from providing Christian
  rituals to a group of people