Beginning of the war

1
Beginning of the war

• Border states
• Delawarefirmly committed to Union
• Marylandvery troublesome Lincoln had to end
  habeas corpus

2

•         1st blood shed in MD on April 19,
  1861mob attacked Mass. troops traveling through
  Baltimore to Washington.
• 12 dead Baltimoreans and 4 soldiers
•         cut Washington off from the North for
  nearly a week.
• When Union forces got control again, the mayor
  and 2 dozen state legislators were arrested

3
MOriot in St. Louis on May 10 and 11. 36 people
died

• A MO Confederate govt in exile was formed in
  Arkansas.
• Unionists maintained control, but guerrilla
  attacks by Confederate bushwhackers and
  counterinsurgency tactics by Unionist
  jayhawkers turned the sate into a no mans
  land.

4
Jess and Frank James and Cole and Jim Younger
rode with William Quantrill and Bloody Bill
Anderson

•         MO suffered a civil war within the Civil
  War.

5
KYformed a Confederate govt in exile.
6
NATIVE AMERICANS

• Cherokees, Creeks, Seminoles, Chickasaws and
  Choctaws many of them of mixed blood and some of
  them slaveholders, tended to side with the
  Confederacy.
• With the aid of white and black Union regiments
  operating out of Kansas and MO, the pro union
  Indians gradually gained control of most of the
  Indian Territory.
•  

7
Population

• Total Union pop 22.5 M (including free blacks)
• 9 M in CSA (3.l7 million slaves)

8
Some Southern Military Advantages

• More Southerners than northerners had attended
  West Point other military schools, had fought
  in the Mexican War, or had served as officers in
  the regular army.
• Volunteer military companies more prevalent in
  the So. than No.
• Southerners were proficient in hunting, riding
  and other outdoor skills

9
South had begun to prepare for war earlier than
the North.
10
Northern dilemma

• North had a hard job750,000sq. mileslarger than
  all of western Europe and 2Xs as large as the 13
  colonies in 1776.
• To win Union had to invade, conquer
• and occupy that territory
• Cripple its peoples ability to sustain a war of
  independence,
• And destroy its armies

11
Army Composition

•  Company100 men
• Regiment10 infantry companies
• Brigade4 or more regiments
• Division3 or more brigades
• Corps2 or more divisions

12
Army2 or more corps

• these were commanded by a Gen. Appointed by the
  President
• Most of the generals were West Point grad
• others appointed because they represented an
  important political, regional, or ethnic
  constituency

13
Combat casualties were higher among officers than
among privates

• highest of all among generals, who died in action
  at a rate 50 higher than enlisted men.