Late Middle Ages WAR!!!!

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Late Middle AgesWAR!!!!

• Agenda
• Intro to Section 5
• Small group activity

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Late middle ages- problems again

• 1300-1500(ish) Another time of troubles
• This time issues come from inside Europe.

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War and the Growth of Nations

• Kingdoms are becoming Nations- and beginning to
  feel Nationalism.
• Willing to fight for more than king- for your
  country.
• Leads to bigger wars

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England vs. France- the 100 years war

• 1328 Capetian dynasty dies out- French nobles
  chose Philip of Flanders- but English king Edward
  III claims throne (reverse William the conqueror)
  and invades
• 116 year war- 1337-1453 many generations

• Siege warfare- 2 new weapons Longbow (armor) and
  cannon (castle) change fighting

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Joan Of Arc

• England does well at beginning
• - 1415 they control 2/3 of France.
• Turing point comes in 1429 w/a 14 year old
  peasant girl- who crowns Charles VII and rallies
  the French to fight
• Captured by English and burned at the stake as a
  witch

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Victory for France

• English start to fall back, have overextended
  themselves, cant remember WHY they are fighting.
• 1453 treaty signed- English keep only port of
  Calais.
• Nobles have lost
• power-French king
• becomes very
• powerful

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England vs. England- the war of the Roses

• 1455-1471
• Angevin dynasty dies out.
• Civil war between house of York (white rose) and
  house of Lancaster (red rose) for throne
• Power goes back and forth
• Richard III (York) most famous king loses
  throne to house of Tudor in 1485

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Spain

• From 700-1000 ruled by Moors (Muslims) who
  allowed other faiths to worship freely
• Reconquista attempt by Christians to drive the
  Moors out 1000-1492.
• Spain had many small kingdoms- unified by
  marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of
  Castile 1479.
• In some ways Spain skips middle ages- Muslims
  are enlightened rulers
• In other ways they get stuck there- become
  religious fanatics with no tolerance for
  differences (inquisition)

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The Church

• Seriously weakened by the plague- Where was God?
  Why couldnt the church stop the death?
• As kings gain power (nationalism) popes lose it.
• People start to ask questions- about the churches
  ideas and their role as leaders in society

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The Babylonian Captivity 1309-1377

• 1309 Pope dies. Philip the fair decided to buy
  the position for a French Bishop.
• New pope (clement v) stays in Avignon France- so
  do next 6 (shows power of France)
• Seemed like the pope belonged to the king- and
  Avignon was famous for unholy activities.

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The Great Schism

• 1377 pope dies in Avignon- king chooses a new
  one- Clement VII (kings son)
• Italy refuses to accept- chose their own pope-
  Urban VI
• Europe is split- who is the real pope? Both popes
  excommunicate the other.
• Trying to end chaos- HRE chooses their own pope-
  Peter the Hermit
• 1377 is the year of three popes
• Broke unity of the church

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Challenging Church Power

• The church no longer seems perfect and people
  start asking questions.
• Kings say their power comes from God as well
  (divine right of kings)
• New religious ideas start to appear
• John Wycliff- said the bible should be in
  vernacular so that anyone could read it for
  themselves.