The Civil War in Kentucky

1
The Civil War in Kentucky

• Antebellum Kentucky
• Kentucky Neutrality
• The Confederate Heartland Offensive
• Kentuckys Confederate Government in Exile

2
Antebellum Kentucky
My Old Kentucky Home
How much of a connection to the South did
Kentucky have prior to the Civil War?
3
Antebellum Kentucky
Antebellum is a Latin phrase which means before
the fighting started. In Kentucky this period
before the Civil War began was a time of great
stress and confusion.

• It was also a time of significant divisions among
  the people of Kentucky. North and South, Slave
  and Free, Rich and Poor, all were in conflict
  with each other.

4
Was Kentucky a Northern state or a Southern state?

• This is a difficult question to answer. At the
  time Kentucky was actually neither. They
  considered themselves a Western state. The great
  Kentucky Senator, Henry Clay, was known as Henry
  of the West and The Western Star.

5
Was Kentucky a Northern state or a Southern state?

• The map shows the United States in 1858, just
  prior to the Civil War. Up until this time
  Kentuckians were used to thinking of themselves
  as Westerners.

6
Was Kentucky a Slave holding state or a Free
state?

• Kentucky was very definitely a slave owning
  state. At the start of the Civil War 20 of the
  people living in the Commonwealth of Kentucky
  were slaves. That is one person out of every five
  was a slave.

7
Margaret Garner, an escaped slave, from Boone
County, KY
8
How was Kentucky different from other slave
holding states?

• Geography Because of the Mississippi and Ohio
  rivers and the invention of the railroad Kentucky
  had strong ties to the North.

9
How was Kentucky different from other slave
holding states?

• Economics Because slaves did so much of the
  unskilled and semi-skilled labor in the state
  many Kentucky natives had to move north to find
  work. This created a bond with the north that
  many other slave owning states did not share.

10
How was Kentucky different from other slave
holding states?

• Economics Kentucky did not have large
  plantations. Most of the farms in Kentucky were
  small, family owned farms. These small farms
  generally could not afford to own slaves.

11
How was Kentucky different from other slave
holding states?

• Education Kentucky had a higher standard of
  education than the other slave holding states.
  Kentuckians were learning that slavery was not
  simply immoral it was also an inefficient
  economic system.

Transylvania University, founded in 1798, is
the oldest College west of the Alleghany
Mountains. Other important Kentucky colleges
were Centre College and Georgetown College.
12
How was Kentucky different from other slave
holding states?

• Legal Kentucky had the strictest rules of all
  slave states prohibiting the importation of
  slaves into the state.

Twenty churches formed the Kentucky Abolition
Society in 1808 to end slavery Kentucky.
Cassius Marcellus Clay, Kentucky Abolitionist
13
What does this all mean?
14
Kentucky was a state both North and South
desperately wanted.

• Kentucky was a rich, powerful state which could
  add considerable power to either side.
• Its location as a border state gave Kentucky a
  strategic advantage that both sides desperately
  desired.

15
View from the North

• I hope to have God on my side. I must have
  Kentucky.
• Abraham Lincoln, September, 1861

President of the United States of America,
Abraham Lincoln. Born in Hardin County, KY.
16
View from the South

• If the South could convince Kentucky to join the
  Confederacy they might be able to secede from the
  Union without going to war.

Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Born
Christian County, KY.
17
Four Corners Discussion Activity
Kentucky clearly had stronger ties to the North
than it did to the South prior to the Civil War.
18
Assessment

• Things you need to know
• The details who, what, where when, why. These
  are the basic, minimum facts you need to know.
• Knowing the hows and whys shows you understand
  the more complicated parts of the lesson.

19
Assessment

• Q. What does Antebellum mean and how is it used?

20
Assessment

• Q. Before the Civil War was Kentucky considered
  a Northern or a Southern state?

21
Assessment

• Q. Give one reason why Kentucky was different
  from the other slave owning states.

22
Assessment

• Q. Why was Kentucky so important to the
  governments of both the USA and CSA?

23
Assessment

• Q.What does Antebellum mean and how is it used?

• A. Antebellum means time before the fighting
  started. In American history it is usually used
  to talk about the period of time before the Civil
  War.

24
Assessment

• Q. Before the Civil War was Kentucky considered a
  Northern or a Southern state?

• A. Neither. Before the Civil War Kentucky was
  considered a Western state. For most of Americas
  history, up until that time, Kentucky had been
  the westernmost state.

25
Assessment

• Q. Give one reason
• why Kentucky was different from the other
  slave owning states.

• A. There are many reasons Kentuckys geographic
  location, its economic status, its higher
  education level, and its historic and legal
  background all made Kentucky unique among the
  other slave owning states.

26
Assessment

• Q. Why was Kentucky so important to the
  governments of both the USA and CSA?

• A. Both the North and the South knew that
  Kentuckys strength and strategic location would
  be an important factor in winning a war between
  the states. Whichever side had Kentucky would win
  the war.

27
Henry Clay Activity

• When The Star of the West Henry Clay died on
  the 29th of June, 1852 the entire nation mourned
  his loss. The students task is to commemorate
  Henry Clay by creating a special edition
  newspaper based on his life. Suggested features
  are newspapers name, slogan, index, cost, front
  page, feature story, interviews with friends and
  famous people from the time, advertisements and
  so on.

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The End(click here to return to the main menu)
29
Kentucky Neutrality
How did Kentucky react to the national events of
1861?
30
Neutrality noun The act of not supporting either
side of a debate, quarrel or party.

• At the start of the Civil War Kentucky felt that
  both sides, North and South, were wrong and
  wanted to stay out of the fight.

31
November, 1860Abraham Lincoln is elected
President of the United States
Fearing Lincolns politics seven states secede
from the Union by March, 1861.

• South Carolina
• Alabama
• Florida
• Georgia

• Louisiana
• Mississippi
• Texas

32
Lincoln is inaugurated president on March 4th,
1861.

• In his inauguration speech he promises Americans
  of the North and South to maintain the Union and
  to avoid war.

33
Tensions between North and South continue to rise.
Confederate Flag flying over Fort Sumter, SC.

• On April 11th, 1861 Confederate forces bombard
  Fort Sumter, SC. South Carolina did not want a
  Union outpost so near to their capital. Union
  forces stationed there are forced to surrender
  two days later.

34
After the attack on Fort Sumter Lincoln calls for
75,000 volunteers to put down the Confederate
Rebellion.
35
Because of Lincolns preparations for war against
the Confederacy four more slave owning states
secede from the Union.
The Stars and Bars The original flag of
the Confederate States of America
The first time it was ever flown in public was
in 1861 at the Ben Johnson House in Bardstown,
KY.

• Tennessee
• Virginia

• Arkansas
• North Carolina

36
This leaves five slave states remaining in the
Union. Theyre known as The Border States
Much of the heaviest fighting of the Civil War
occurred in the Border States. The photo shows
the suffering The people in them had to endure.

• Missouri
• West Virginia

• Delaware
• Kentucky
• Maryland

37
The Border States knew that they would be caught
in the middle of any conflict between the North
and the South.

• How did Kentucky decide to deal with this problem?

38

• At the time KY governor Beriah Magoffin favored
  the states right to secession but wished to avoid
  it at all cost. He worked hard to create a
  compromise that would preserve the Union.

39

• KY Senator John Crittenden wrote a proposal
  called the Crittenden plan which would create
  several amendments to the Constitution that
  protected the slave trade and strengthened the
  Fugitive Slave Act. Lincoln, rejected the plan
  because he had been elected on an Anti-Slavery
  platform.

40

• Gov. Magoffin refuses to send Kentucky troops or
  money to Lincoln. Magoffin said, I will send
  not a man nor a dollar for the wicked purpose of
  subduing my sister Southern states.

The Old State Capitol building. Built in 1830, it
was replaced by The current building in 1910.
Instead, on May 16, 1861, the Kentucky General
Assembly passes The Declaration of Neutrality
which makes the Commonwealth of Kentucky
officially neutral in the American Civil War.
41
In order to show its neutrality Kentucky does not
fly the American flag over the state capitol.
Since Kentucky did not adopt an official state
flag until 1918 they simply did not fly a flag
during this time of neutrality.
42
Both sides claim to respect KY neutrality but
station soldiers just outside of Kentucky borders.

• The Union stations soldiers at Camp Clay, Ohio
  and Camp Joe Holt, Indiana. Both are directly
  across the Ohio River from Kentucky.

• The Confederacy stations soldiers at Fort
  Donelson and Fort Henry, in Tennessee. Some
  Confederate troops are camped only 50 yards from
  the Kentucky border.

During this period both sides recruited soldiers
from Kentucky.
43

• Realizing that Kentucky would not be able to
  remain neutral for long Governor Magoffin
  mobilizes the Kentucky militia and prepares for
  the defense of Kentucky from invaders.

Unfortunately the members of Kentuckys militia
are just as divided as the rest of the state.

• The Kentucky State Guard, under the command of
  Simon Buckner mostly favored the South.

• The newly formed Kentucky Home Guard favored the
  North.

44
The elections of 1861

• On June 20th, 1861 Kentucky held a special
  congressional election. In this election
  pro-Union candidates control 9 of Kentuckys 10
  congressional seats.

In August 1861 KY holds state wide elections.
Pro-Union candidates win so many seats that they
can now easily override any veto Gov. Magoffin
makes which could benefit the South.
45
The only section of Kentucky to vote in favor of
the South is the Jackson Purchase region which
was heavily tied economically to Tennessee.
46
Following the elections both sides begin to
operate more boldly in Kentucky.

• Union General Bull Nelson opened Camp Dick
  Robinson in Garrard County, KY. Gov. Magoffin
  complained to Lincoln but he did nothing.

• Confederate forces covertly occupied Camp Boone
  near Guthrie, KY in preparation for a future
  invasion.

47
The end of Kentuckys neutrality

• 4 Sep 1861 Confederate forces occupy Columbus,
  KY to control the Mississippi River and railroad
  assets there.
• 8 Sep 1861 Gen US Grant orders Union soldiers
  to capture Paducah and seize control of the mouth
  of the Tennessee River and the railroad in
  Paducah.

48
What does Kentucky do about it?

• 6 Sep 1861 - Governor Magoffin demands that both
  sides withdraw their troops from Kentucky soil
  and respect its neutrality.
• 7 Sep 1861 The KY General Assembly passes a
  resolution ordering the withdraw of Confederate,
  but not Union, troops.
• Gov. Magoffin vetoes the resolution but the
  Assembly easily overrides it.
• The Assembly orders the American flag to once
  again fly over the State Capitol, officially
  ending Kentucky neutrality.

49
What next?

• The North must make sure that they are strong
  enough to keep and defend Kentucky. They must
  also keep the citizens of Kentucky happy and on
  the side of the Union.
• The South must try to gain control of Kentucky at
  all costs.
• Many Kentuckians are still pro-South and try to
  create a Confederate government in Kentucky.

50
Four Corners Discussion Activity
The vast majority of Kentuckians supported the
North during the Civil War.
51
Assessment

• Things you need to know
• The details who, what, where when, why. These
  are the basic, minimum facts you need to know.
• Knowing the hows and whys shows you understand
  the more complicated parts of the lesson.

52
Assessment

• Q. What were the Border States?

53
Assessment

• Q. What were the details of the Fort Sumter
  bombardment?

54
Assessment

• Q. What did Lincoln do in response to the attack
  on Fort Sumter?

55
Assessment

• Q. Who was the Kentucky governor at the start of
  the Civil War?

56
Assessment

• Q. Why did Kentucky declare a policy of
  neutrality at the start of the Civil War?

57
Assessment

• Q. What were the Border States?

• A. Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri and
  later West Virginia were the slave owning states
  which remained loyal to the Union. They were
  called the Border States because they lay between
  the North and South.

58
Assessment

• Q. What were the details of the Fort Sumter
  bombardment?

• When 11 April 1861
• Where Fort Sumter, SC
• Who The South bombarded Fort Sumter.
• Why Fort Sumter was a Union post in SC.

59
Assessment

• Q. What did Lincoln do in response to the attack
  on Fort Sumter?

• A. Lincoln called for state governors to raise a
  Federal Army of 75,000 troops.

60
Assessment

• Q. Who was the Kentucky governor at the start of
  the Civil War?

• A. Beriah Magoffin was the governor of Kentucky
  at the start of the Civil War.

61
Assessment

• Q. Why did Kentucky declare a policy of
  neutrality at the start of the Civil War?

• A. The Border State Kentucky had close ties to
  both the North and South. While Kentucky
  politicians generally supported southern States
  Rights policy they felt that secession was to be
  avoided at all costs.

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The End(click here to return to the main menu)
63
The Confederate Heartland Offensive
What was the major campaign fought in Kentucky
during the Civil War?
64
The Confederate Heartland Offensive

• Union forces had great success in the west in the
  spring of 1862.

65
The Confederate Heartland Offensive

• The US Navy controlled the Tennessee and
  Cumberland Rivers

Union forces had great success in the west in the
spring of 1862.
66
The Confederate Heartland Offensive

• The US Navy controlled the Tennessee and
  Cumberland Rivers
• This meant that the state of Tennessee was
  virtually surrounded by the Union Navy.

Union forces had great success in the west in the
spring of 1862.
67
The Confederate Heartland Offensive

• The rail center in Corinth, TN was abandoned by
  the Confederates.

Union forces had great success in the west in the
spring of 1862.
68
The Confederate Heartland Offensive

• The rail center in Corinth, TN was abandoned by
  the Confederates.
• This gave the Union control of western TN

Union forces had great success in the west in the
spring of 1862.
69
The Confederate Heartland Offensive

• The rail center in Corinth, TN was abandoned by
  the Confederates.
• This gave the Union control of western TN
• This left the South with only one railway line
  east of the Mississippi River.

Union forces had great success in the west in the
spring of 1862.
70
The Confederate Heartland Offensive

• The US Navy, led by Admiral David Farragut, from
  TN, captured New Orleans.

Union forces had great success in the west in the
spring of 1862.
71
The Confederate Heartland Offensive

• The US Navy, led by Admiral David Farragut, from
  TN, captured New Orleans.
• The North now controlled all southern access to
  the Mississippi River.

Union forces had great success in the west in the
spring of 1862.
72
Admiral David G. Farragut

• 5 July 180114 Aug 1870
• Born near Knoxville, TN
• Fought during the War of 1812 when he was 12.
• Hero of the Battle of Mobile Bay
• Famous quote Damn the torpedoes, Full speed
  ahead!

73
Vicksburg, MS 4 July 1863
In order to protect the important Mississippi
port of Vicksburg the South begins the Heartland
Campaign
74
General Braxton Bragg is chosen to command the
offensive.

• 22 Mar 1817-27 Sep 1876
• Born at Warrenton, NC
• Fought in the Mexican War
• Led the Army of Tennessee in an invasion of
  Kentucky
• Military Advisor to Jefferson Davis

75
Goals of the Offensive
76
Goals of the Offensive

• Outflank the Union Army of the Ohio and draw them
  away from the important southern stronghold of
  Vicksburg, MS.

77
Goals of the Offensive

• Outflank the Union Army of the Ohio and draw them
  away from the important southern stronghold of
  Vicksburg, MS.
• Attract Kentucky volunteers to join the
  Confederate Army

78
Goals of the Offensive

• Outflank the Union Army of the Ohio and draw them
  away from the important southern stronghold of
  Vicksburg, MS.
• Attract Kentucky volunteers to join the
  Confederate Army
• Draw Kentucky into the war on the Confederate
  side.

79
August 1862 Braggs army invades Kentucky

• Kentucky native John Morgan promises that when
  Braggs army enters Kentucky tens of thousands of
  Kentucky men will join the Confederacy. This
  persuades Bragg to leave Tennessee and invade the
  Union state of Kentucky.

80
August 1862 Braggs army invades Kentucky

• While many Kentucky men did in fact join the
  Confederacy Morgans prediction proved false.
  Nearly 80,000 Kentuckians served in the Union
  army while only approximately 25,000 served in
  the Confederate army. Braggs invasion gathered
  little support in Kentucky for the South.

81
3 Sep 1862 CSA Gen Kirby Smiths army captures
Frankfort, KY
The Confederate Monument in Frankfort,
KY.
82
3 Sep 1862 CSA Gen Kirby Smiths army captures
Frankfort, KY

• Frankfort was the only Union state capital
  captured during the Civil War.

The Confederate Monument in Frankfort,
KY.
83
3 Sep 1862 CSA Gen Kirby Smiths army captures
Frankfort, KY

• Frankfort was the only Union state capital
  captured during the Civil War.
• 4 Oct 1862 Richard Hawes is inaugurated as
  Kentuckys 2nd

The Confederate Monument in Frankfort,
KY.
84
3 Sep 1862 CSA Gen Kirby Smiths army captures
Frankfort, KY

• Frankfort was the only Union state capital
  captured during the Civil War.
• 4 Oct 1862 Richard Hawes is inaugurated as
  Kentuckys 2nd Confederate governor.
• It remains in Confederate control until after the
  Battle of Perryville.

The Confederate Monument in Frankfort,
KY.
85
8 Oct 1862 The Battle of Perryville

• 7 Oct 1862 Union forces occupy Perryville in
  pursuit of Braggs army.

86
8 Oct 1862 The Battle of Perryville

• 7 Oct 1862 Union forces occupy Perryville in
  pursuit of Braggs army.
• 8 Oct 1862 Braggs forces attack the Union army

87
8 Oct 1862 The Battle of Perryville

• 7 Oct 1862 Union forces occupy Perryville in
  pursuit of Braggs army.
• 8 Oct 1862 Braggs forces attack the Union army
• 9 Oct 1862 Despite having a strong tactical
  battle Bragg decides to withdraw

88
The Battle of PerryvilleWhy did Bragg withdraw?

• Many historians wonder why Bragg withdrew
  from Perryville and leave Kentucky even though
  his army was winning.

89
Why did Bragg withdraw from Kentucky?

• Theory 01
• Bragg did not get the support from Kentucky
  he was promised. Everywhere his Army went they
  were opposed by the US Army and hostile Kentucky
  natives.

90
Why did Bragg withdraw from Kentucky?

• Theory 02
• Bragg did not want to spend the winter in
  Kentucky. His army was 100s of miles from supply
  lines that he could trust. With winter setting in
  he did not want to leave his men to have to spend
  the winter in what he considered a northern state.

91
Why did Bragg withdraw from Kentucky?

• Theory 03
• Many of Braggs senior officers disobeyed or
  failed to follow his orders. Several of them were
  court-martialed after their return to Tennessee.
  Perhaps if Bragg had had the support of his
  officers the outcome may have been different.

92
Why did Bragg withdraw from Kentucky?

• Theory 04
• Bragg was a poor general who did not know how to
  take advantage of a winning situation. After the
  armys retreat to Tennessee Bragg had to report
  to President Jefferson Davis and explain his
  reason for leaving Kentucky after winning so many
  battles there.

93
Was the Confederate Heartland Offensive a failure?

• While it did not meet its primary objective to
  have Kentucky leave the Union and join the
  Confederacy, Union forces were forced out of
  northern Alabama and most of central Tennessee.
  It would take the North a year to regain the lost
  ground.

94
Four Corners Discussion Activity
Kentucky would have been better off if Bragg had
stayed and fought in Kentucky instead of
returning to Tennessee.
95
Assessment

• Things you need to know
• The details who, what, where when, why. These
  are the basic, minimum facts you need to know.
• Knowing the hows and whys shows you understand
  the more complicated parts of the lesson.

96
Assessment

• Q. What year was the Confederate Heartland
  Campaign run?

97
Assessment

• Q. Who were the commanders during the Heartland
  Campaign?

98
Assessment

• Q. Why did the South begin the Heartland
  Offensive?

99
Assessment

• Q. Who was Kentuckys second Confederate
  Governor?

100
Assessment

• Q. Why did the Confederates Heartland Campaign
  fail?

101
Assessment

• Q. What year was the Confederate Heartland
  Campaign run?

• A. The Heartland Campaign was run from June to
  October, 1862. Kentucky was mostly involved in
  August, September and October.

102
Assessment

• Q. Who were the commanders during the Heartland
  Campaign?

• The Confederate Commander was General Braxton
  Bragg, from Warrenton, North Carolina.
• The Union Commander was General Don Carlos
  Buell, from Lowell, Ohio.

Gen. Bragg
Gen. Buell
103
Assessment

• Q. Why did the South begin the Heartland
  Offensive?

• A. The North had had several major victories in
  the West in 1861 and 1862. The South needed to
  take the pressure off of areas of strategic
  importance, such as Vicksburg, and apply pressure
  of their own, where it would hurt the North, such
  as in Kentucky.

104
Assessment

• Q. Who was Kentuckys second Confederate
  governor?

• A. Richard Hawes, born in Caroline County, VA,
  was Kentuckys 2nd Confederate governor. He spent
  most of his time as governor in exile in
  Tennessee and Virgina.

105
Assessment

• A. Rather than take advantage of his victories at
  Perryville and Munfordville General Bragg
  withdrew from Kentucky leaving it to the Union.
  Bragg felt he had no support in Kentucky and was
  too far from Confederate supply lines.

• Q. Why did the Confederates Heartland Campaign
  fail?

106
The End(click here to return to the main menu)
107
Confederate Kentucky
How much of a role did the Confederates play in
Kentucky's government?
108
During the Civil War Kentucky had two governments.

• The recognized, legal government of Kentucky was
  part of the United States of America.

• The shadow government of Kentucky was part of
  the Confederate States of America.

109

• When a state or country is in political upheaval
  sometimes a second government is formed which
  will be ready to take charge if the legitimate,
  legal government is overthrown.
• This is often called a shadow government.

This seal was used to represent the Confederate
government of the state of Kentucky. Voce
Populi is the Latin phrase for Voice of the
People.
110
Why did Kentucky have two governments?

• During the Civil War many Kentuckians had close
  family, cultural and economic ties to the
  Confederacy. They also felt that the American
  government was wrong on its policy regarding
  states rights.

111
How powerful was KentuckysConfederate Shadow
Government?

• The shadow government never replaced the elected
  government in Frankfort, which had strong Union
  sympathies.
• It never gained the support of Kentucky's
  citizens, they continued to support the Union
• Its jurisdiction extended only as far as
  Confederate battle lines in the Commonwealth.

112

• Despite having little power in Kentucky the
  Shadow Government was recognized by the
  Confederate States of America as the states
  legitimate government.

The central star on the Confederate Battle
Flag represents Kentucky. Note its square
design. The CSA Battle Flag was square, not
rectangular like most other flags.
Kentucky was admitted to the Confederacy on
December 10th, 1861.
113
Bowling Green was the Confederate capital for
Kentucky.

• BG was chosen for its large size economic wealth
  and because it was close to Tennessee.
• In mid-Feb 1862 Union forces capture BG from the
  retreating Confederate Army.
• As they left Confederate soldiers burned much of
  BG to the ground so that the Union Army could not
  use it.

A monument to Confederate Soldiers in Bowling
Green, KY.
114
When the Confederate Army fled Bowling Green
Kentuckys Confederate government had to flee
with them. For much of the next four years the
Kentucky government traveled with the Confederate
Army of Tennessee trying to persuade the CSA to
return to Kentucky and defeat the Union Army
there.
115
George W. JohnsonKentuckys 1st Confederate
Governor

• Born May 27th, 1811 in Scott County, KY
• Died April 8th, 1862 at the Battle of Shiloh
• Johnson believed that if Kentucky joined the
  Confederacy the CSA would be too strong for the
  Union to fight and we could avoid the Civil War.

116
George W. JohnsonKentuckys 1st Confederate
Governor

• Johnson was the only American governor,
  Confederate or Union, to die in battle during the
  Civil War.

117
Richard HawesKentuckys 2nd (and last)
Confederate Governor

• Born February 6th, 1797 in Caroline County, VA.
• Died May 25th, 1877 in Paris, KY.
• After Johnson was killed Hawes was selected by
  the 10 member state council to become governor.

118
Richard HawesKentuckys 2nd (and last)
Confederate Governor

• Hawes followed General Braggs Army into KY during
  the Confederate Heartland Offensive.
• Hawes was inaugurated in Frankfort after Braggs
  army captured it in October, 1862.

119
Richard HawesKentuckys 2nd (and last)
Confederate Governor

• He was forced to leave Kentucky after Braggs army
  left it after the Battle of Perryville.
• Hawes spent the remainder of the war living near
  the Confederate capitol in Richmond, VA.

120
Goals of Kentuckys Confederate Government

• Persuade the Confederate army to force the Union
  army to leave Kentucky.
• Support the CSA by recruiting soldiers and
  supplies for the war effort.
• Be prepared to take over the state government
  when the Confederacy won the war.

121
Kentuckys Confederate government had little
success with their goals.

• They were only able to persuade the army to
  return once, during the failed Heartland
  Offensive.
• They were able to provide soldiers and supplies
  for the war effort, but nowhere near what they
  had hoped for.
• Since the Confederacy lost the war Kentuckys
  Confederate government were considered traitors
  and criminals instead of heroes.

122
What happened to the members of the Confederate
government after the Civil War?

• After the Civil War the Union government wanted
  life to return to normal as quickly as possible.
• Under President Johnsons Restoration Plan
  wealthy landowners and high ranking Confederate
  government officials could be pardoned by the
  president after swearing an Oath of Allegiance to
  the United States of America.

123
What happened to the members of the Confederate
government after the Civil War?

• Many Kentucky members of the Confederacy agreed
  to take this oath.
• Richard Hawes agreed and became a county judge in
  Bourbon County.
• John Breckinridge, of Kentucky and Confederate
  Secretary of War, became a businessman in
  Lexington.
• President Jefferson Davis sold life insurance in
  Tennessee and wrote a history of the Confederacy.

124
Four Corners Discussion Activity
Kentucky should have seceded in March 1861,
instead of waiting until after the war started.
125
Assessment

• Things you need to know
• The details who, what, where when, why. These
  are the basic, minimum facts you need to know.
• Knowing the hows and whys shows you understand
  the more complicated parts of the lesson.

126
Assessment

• Q. What is a shadow government?

127
Assessment

• Q. Where was the Confederate capitol of Kentucky?

128
Assessment

• Q. Which star on the Confederate Battle Flag
  represents Kentucky?

129
Assessment

• Q. Who were the Confederate governors of
  Kentucky?

130
Assessment

• Q. How did members of the Confederacy regain
  their rights as American citizens?

131
Assessment

• Q. What is a shadow government?

• A. When a state or country is in political
  upheaval sometimes a second government is formed
  which will be ready to take charge if the
  legitimate, legal government is overthrown.

132
Assessment

• Q. Where was the Confederate capitol of Kentucky?
  

• A. The Confederate capitol of Kentucky was in
  Bowling Green.

133
Assessment

• Q. Which star on the Confederate Battle Flag
  represents Kentucky?

• A. The center star on the Confederate Battle Flag
  represents Kentucky.

134
Assessment

• Q. Who were the Confederate governors of
  Kentucky?

• A. George Johnson and Richard Hawes were the
  Confederate governors of Kentucky.

135
Assessment

• Q. How did members of the Confederacy regain
  their rights as American citizens?

• A. People in the Confederate states had to swear
  an oath of allegiance to the United States in
  order to regain their rights. Those who had been
  members of the government had to have a
  presidential pardon.

136
The End(click here to return to the main menu)
137
Resources

• The Civil War in Kentucky, by Kent Brown
• Remembering Kentuckys Confederates, by Geoffrey
  Walden
• War in Kentucky, by James McDonough

• The Breckinridge Family
• The Henry Clay Estate
• The Library of Congress