Kingdom Animalia

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Kingdom Animalia

• Sponges
• Cnidarians
• Flatworms
• Roundworms

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Sponges

• Assymetrical
• Freshwater or saltwater
• Sessile do not move
• Filter feeders
• No Nervous System
• Multicellular organization (no true tissues yet)
•  

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Other Sponge Facts

• Sponges can regenerate replace lost body parts
  through mitotic cell division.
• Economic Importance
• Commercial sponge harvesting for personal care
  industry.

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Sponge Reproduction

• Asexually fragmentation or budding
• Sexually sponges are hermaphrodites
• External fertilization
• Internal fertilization - eggs remain inside
  parent sponges body.

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Cnidarians Stinging Animals

• Radial Symmetry
• Mostly saltwater
• Corals
• Jellyfish
• Sea anemones
• Hydra

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Cnidarian Movement

• POLYP is sessile does not move
• MEDUSA is motile squeezes bell (umbrella) to
  move
• uses simple ring of contractile tissue (not
  muscle tissue yet)

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Feeding

• Use tentacles to capture food.
• Tentacles have NEMATOCYSTS stinging cells that
  grab and immobilize prey using toxins.
• Waste products and undigested materials are
  expelled through the mouth.

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Organization

• Nerve net conducts impulses from all parts of
  the body.
• No brain.
• Two layers of tissues derived from endoderm and
  ectoderm

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Cnidarian Reproduction

• Asexually budding (polyp form)
• Sexually have separate male and female medusae
  that produce gametes that join through external
  fertilization to produce polyps.

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Flatworms - Platyhelminthes

• Bilateral Symmetry 
• Free-living in freshwater or parasitic in a host
• Has all three layers (endoderm, mesoderm,
  ectoderm)
• Acoelomate no body cavity.

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An Important Group

•  Many nasty parasitic infections.
• Dugesia
• Tapeworms
• Flukes

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Flatworm Feeding

• Free living flatworms are scavengers.
• Parasitic flatworms use specialized structures
  (usually with hooks) to attach to a host.

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Respiration Excretion

• Excretion - Flame cells remove excess water
• Respiration - Oxygen diffuses into body cells
  directly.

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Flatworm Nervous Systems

• First appearance of cephalization.
• Primitive brain.
• Eyespots

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Flatworm Reproduction

• Sexually - Hermaphrodites internal
  fertilzation.
• Asexually fission when damaged, regenerates
  new body parts.
• Proglottids found in tapeworms each is shed
  off individually.

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Roundworms - Nematoda

• Bilateral Symmetry
• Free-living in soil or parasitic in a host
• Pseudoomate false body cavity.
• Movement - Longitutdinal muscles produce a
  thrashing movement

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Respiration Excretion

• Respiration - Oxygen diffuses into body cells.
• Digestive wastes are excreted through the anus.
• Flame cells remove excess water through pores in
  body surface.

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Roundworm Feeding

• Have a simple digestive system.
• Have a mouth and an anus
• Parasitic roundworms use specialized structures
  (usually with hooks) to attach to a host.

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An Important Group

• Many nasty parasitic infections in humans,
  livestock
• Importance and IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL PEST
• Pinworms, Ascaris, hookworms, Trichinella

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