Kingdom Animalia

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Classification

• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Mollusca
• Class Polyplacophora
• Class Scaphopoda
• Class Bivalvia
• Class Gastropoda
• Class Cephalopoda

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• Most diverse class in Phylum
• Some have shells, some dont
• Most shells are coiled, colored, and textured
• Torsion process visceral mass is turned
  180-allows head to go into shell
• 2-4 tentacles with eyes or sensory cells
• Operculum-trap door to shell
• Separate sexes external fertilization
• Trochophore larvae

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• Modified radula pertaining
• to food source
• Herbivores, carnivores,
• detritovors, parasitism
• Uses
• Scrap
• Drill
• Dart
• Secrete poison
• Grasp

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Class Bivalvia Clams, Mussels, Oysters

• Only class with out a radula
• 2 shells (valves)
• Umbo-oldest part of shell
• Strong abductor muscles keep it closed
• Most are filter feeders
• Foot is used to burrow
• The scallops use jet
• propulsion to move
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?ve6Qsm9F1G7oNR1
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v_2iXHBuSIJYfeature
  related

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Bivalve Reproduction

• Separate sexes

• Hermaphroditic

• Release sperm and eggs into water
• Some species may brood taking sperm in through
  the siphon
• Trochophore larvae

• Males when young
• When get bigger turn into females
• Trochophore larvae

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• Has 8 shell plates
• Protection and flexing abilities
• Can role into a ball
• Surrounded by a structure called a girdle
• Most live in intertidal zone
• Strong foot for adhesion
• Uses radula tipped with
• magnetite to eat algae

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• Separate sexes
• Fertilization is external in the water column or
  in the females mantle cavity
• Disperse in plankton as trochophore larvae
• Free swimming
• Rings of cilia
• Settle on sea floor as juveniles

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• Most live in deep sea
• Tubular shell with 2 open ends
• Heads burrow in sediments
• No gills mantle acts as gills
• Reproduction
• Separate sexes, some hermaphroditic
• 1 egg is released at a time
• External fertilization
• Trochophore Larvae

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• Heads burrow in sediments
• Have tentacles surrounding
• the foot called captacula
• that latch onto food
• Radula breaks food into
• smaller pieces

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Class Cephalopoda Octopus, Squid, Nautilus, and
Cuttlefish

• Most intelligent of all invertebrates , complex
  nervous system
• Muscular foot has been modified into a muscular
  hydrostat moving items with no skeletal support
  but instead with muscles (our tongues are an
  example)
• Found in all oceans at all depths
• Chromotophores colored
• pigments that allow them to change color or flash
  light

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Arms and tentacles

• Only squid and cuttlefish have retractable
  tentacles for hunting
• The arms may have suckers, hooks, or sticky palps
• Males have a special arm to deliver a sperm
  packet to the female
• Longest Mollusk
• Colossal Squid 46 feet

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Vision

• complex camera-like eyes
• Camoflauge they use their chromatophores to
  change brightness and pattern according to the
  background they see
• Ink
• All have ink sac but nautilus
• made of melanin (pigment)
• Confuses predator
• Mixes with mucus to make a cloud

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Circulatory System

• Closed system
• 2 gill hearts
• 1 systemic heart
• Gills are very efficient because water is being
  forced fast through the mantle
• Gills are smaller than in other mollusk, but
  because they are so efficient that is ok

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Reproduction

• Separate sexes
• Usually includes courtship with color changes
• Most may die after spawning
• Males transfer a sperm packet to the female by
  means of a penis or modified tentacle
• The female then lays large egg clusters on the
  sea floor
• No Trochophore stage like other
  mollusks-juveniles hatch out of eggs

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http//video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/a
nimals/index.html