V. Kingdom Animalia

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V. Kingdom Animalia A. Introduction 1.
Characteristics Eukaryotic Multicellular
Heterotrophic Lack cell walls.
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V. Kingdom Animalia A. Introduction 1.
Characteristics 2. History - first animals
in fossil record date to 600 mya largely
wormlike soft-bodied organisms
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V. Kingdom Animalia A. Introduction 1.
Characteristics 2. History - first animals
in fossil record date to 600 mya largely
wormlike soft-bodied organisms - in the
Cambrian, 550 mya radiation of predators
(Cnidarians) radiation of major phyla
organisms with hard parts
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V. Kingdom Animalia A. Introduction 1.
Characteristics 2. History 3. Diversity
- Approximately 1 million described animal
species. Of these 5 have a backbone
(vertebrates) ( a subphylum in the phylum
Chordata)
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V. Kingdom Animalia A. Introduction 1.
Characteristics 2. History 3. Diversity
- 95 lack a backbone (invertebrates) (in 29
Phyla, including Chordata) - 85 are Arthropods

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V. Kingdom Animalia A. Introduction 1.
Characteristics 2. History 3. Diversity
- most types of animals (phyla) are
invertebrate, marine orgs. - humans are not
typical animals
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V. Kingdom Animalia A. Introduction 1.
Characteristics 2. History 3. Diversity
4. Evolutionary Trends
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V. Kingdom Animalia A. Introduction 1.
Characteristics 2. History 3. Diversity
4. Evolutionary Trends - Body Symmetry
asymmetrical radially symmetrical bilatera
lly symmetrical
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V. Kingdom Animalia A. Introduction 1.
Characteristics 2. History 3. Diversity
4. Evolutionary Trends - Embryological
development zygote morula blastula
gastrula neurula
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V. Kingdom Animalia A. Introduction 1.
Characteristics 2. History 3. Diversity
4. Evolutionary Trends - Cephalization
evolving a head
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V. Kingdom Animalia A. Introduction 1.
Characteristics 2. History 3. Diversity
4. Evolutionary Trends - Digestion
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V. Kingdom Animalia A. Introduction 1.
Characteristics 2. History 3. Diversity
4. Evolutionary Trends - Digestion
intracellular to extracellular
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V. Kingdom Animalia A. Introduction 1.
Characteristics 2. History 3. Diversity
4. Evolutionary Trends - Digestion
intracellular to extracellular gut to
tract
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V. Kingdom Animalia A. Introduction 1.
Characteristics 2. History 3. Diversity
4. Evolutionary Trends 5. Phylogeny
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5. Phylogeny
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II. Animal Diversity A. Sponges
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II. Animal Diversity B. Radiata
Cnidarians 1. Diversity - Hydras
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II. Animal Diversity B. Radiata
Cnidarians 1. Diversity - Hydras - Jellyfish
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II. Animal Diversity B. Radiata
Cnidarians 1. Diversity - Hydras -
Jellyfish - Anemones
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II. Animal Diversity B. Radiata
Cnidarians 1. Diversity - Hydras -
Jellyfish - Anemones - Corals
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II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans
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II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 1.
Platyhelminthes a. Diversity -
Planarians (free-living)
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II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 1.
Platyhelminthes a. Diversity -
Planarians - Tapeworms - parasitic
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II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 1.
Platyhelminthes a. Diversity -
Planarians - Tapeworms - parasitic - Flukes
parasitic
Complex life cycles
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II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 2
Annelida segmented worms
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II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 2
Annelida segmented worms a. Diversity -
polychaetes - oligochaetes - leeches
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II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3.
Mollusca reduced segmentation shells a.
Diversity - chitons
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II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3.
Mollusca reduced segmentation shells a.
Diversity - chitons - snails
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II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3.
Mollusca reduced segmentation shells a.
Diversity - chitons - snails - bivalves
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II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3.
Mollusca reduced segmentation shells a.
Diversity - chitons - snails -
bivalves - cephalopods
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II. Animal Diversity a. Lophotrochozoans 3.
Mollusca reduced segmentation shells b.
Body Plan
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans -
exoskeleton that must be shed for growth
either a thin flexible CUTICLE, or a more rigid
exoskeleton with chitin.
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 1.
Nematoda - molt four times, resecreting their
cuticle each time
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 1.
Nematoda - molt four times, resecreting their
cuticle each time - complete digestive tract
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 1.
Nematoda - molt four times, resecreting their
cuticle each time - complete digestive tract
- some cephalization with anterior neural
ganglion
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 1.
Nematoda - molt four times, resecreting their
cuticle each time - complete digestive tract
- some cephalization with anterior neural
ganglion - free living and parasitic - human
parasites trichinosis, filariasis,
elephantiasis, Ascariasis (two foot intestinal
worms)
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 1.
Nematoda
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla - jointed legs - thick
exoskeleton - multiplicationspecializationfusio
n
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla a. Phylum Trilobita
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla a. Phylum Trilobita -
jointed appendages on every segment -
dominated in Paleozoic (600 250 mya)
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla b. Phylum Chelicerata 1.
Diversity Eurypterids (Sea
Scorpions)
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla b. Phylum Chelicerata 1.
Diversity Eurypertids Horseshoe
Crabs
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla b. Phylum Chelicerata 1.
Diversity Scorpions Arachnids
Spiders Mites Ticks
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla c. Phylum Myriapoda 1.
Diversity Pauropods Centipedes
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla c. Phylum Myriapoda 1.
Diversity Pauropods Centipedes Millipedes
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla d. Phylum Crustacea 1.
Diversity Remipede
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla d. Phylum Crustacea 1.
Diversity Decapods (Shrimp, Loster, Crabs)
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla d. Phylum Crustacea 1.
Diversity Decapods (Shrimp, Loster,
Crabs) Copepods Barnacles
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- appendages modified for different
functions head for senses (antennae) and
feeding thorax for locomotion abdomen for
reproduction.
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 1.
Diversity - Protura
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 1.
Diversity - Protura - Insecta
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 2.
Biology - spiracles
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 2.
Biology - spiracles - Fusion of segments
into three regions head, thorax, abdomen
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II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3.
Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 2.
Biology - spiracles - Fusion of segments
into three regions head, thorax,
abdomen - Flight in insects
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 1.
Protostomes blastopore forms mouth a.
Lophotrochozoans b. Ecdysozoans 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus a.
Echinodermata b. Hemichordata c. Chordata
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus a.
Echinodermata 1. Diversity - sea stars
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus a.
Echinodermata 1. Diversity - sea
stars - sea cucumbers
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus a.
Echinodermata 1. Diversity - sea
stars - sea cucumbers - sea urchins
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata Four Key Characters
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata Four Key Characters - Pharyngeal
Gill Slits
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata Four Key Characters - Pharyngeal
Gill Slits - Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata Four Key Characters - Pharyngeal
Gill Slits - Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube -
Post-anal tail
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata Four Key Characters - Pharyngeal
Gill Slits - Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube -
Post-anal tail - notochord a rigid
supporting rod
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata Four Key Characters 1. Urochordata -
Tunicates
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata Four Key Characters 1. Urochordata
Tunicates - 4 traits as larva
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata Four Key Characters 1. Urochordata
Tunicates - 4 traits as larva -
mobile as larva
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata Four Key Characters 1. Urochordata
Tunicates - 4 traits as larva -
mobile as larva - become sedentary
as adults (filter)
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata Four Key Characters 2.
Cephalochordata Lancelets
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata Four Key Characters 2.
Cephalochordata Lancelets - 4 traits
- burrowers - filter feeders
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata 3. Vertebrata
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata 3. Vertebrata - four traits
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata 3. Vertebrata - four
traits - vertebral column
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata 3. Vertebrata - four
traits - vertebral column -
trends
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata 3. Vertebrata - four
traits - vertebral column -
trends - increased locomotion

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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata 3. Vertebrata - four
traits - vertebral column -
trends - increased locomotion
- increased cephalization
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II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2.
Deuterostomes blastopore forms anus c.
Chordata 3. Vertebrata - four
traits - vertebral column -
trends - increased locomotion
- increased cephalization - adaptations
to land