Kingdom Animalia

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Kingdom Animalia

• Introduction

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Kingdom Animalia

• Chapters 32, 33 and 34 in text
• Your Handouts
• Animals are Metazoans (?????)
• Are all animals in one Kingdom?
• From what did animals evolve?
• When did animals originate?
• 600 mya

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Characteristics of Animals

• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Heterotrophic (via ingestion) ?????
• Herbivores
• Carnivores
• Detritovores
• Omnivores
• (Parasites)

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Additional Characteristics (I)

• Shared by MOST animals
• Carbohydrates stored as glycogen
• Highly specialized cells, tissues, organs and
  organ systems (except Porifera and Placozoa)
• Nerves and muscles in most Phyla (exceptPorifera
  and Placozoa)
• More often reproduce sexually (Oogamous with
  Undulipodiated sperm)
• Asexual reproduction in many lower taxa

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Additional Characteristics (II)

• Haplobiontic Diploid Life Cycle
• In MOST --- zygote undergoes divisions (cleavage)
  to form a Blastula (Fig. 32.2)

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Additional Characteristics (III)

• Some animals --- maturation gradual to the adult
  form
• Some animals --- have a larval stage that
  undergoes some type of metamorphosis to the
  sexually mature adult form

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Types, Number Distribution

• Vertebrate vs. Invertebrate (misleading ??)
• Non-Chordate vs. Chordate (better)
• Approx. 25 Phyla
• AT LEAST 2 million species
• Maybe 2x to 5x as many as above --- WHY?
• Seas possess greatest diversity of animal Phyla
• Land has greatest species diversity

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Origin of Animals (I)

• From a heterotrophic colonial flagellated
  protozoan
• Why flagellated ( undulipodiated)?
• Was it a coanoflagellate?(page 656, Fig.
  32.3gives three strongreasons for thisKNOW
  THEM!)

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Origin of Animals (II)

• Was it a hollow or solid colony?
• One origin ?????
• Yes ?????
• We will consider them as monophyletic
• Ontogeny and Phylogeny

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From Protozoa to Metazoa (I)
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From Protozoa to Metazoa (II)
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Did Protoanimals resemble Tricoplax adhaerens
?????
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Kingdom Animalia - Diversity

• Metazoa
• Parazoa
• Eumetazoa
• Radiata
• Bilateria
• Where does Tricoplax adhaerens (Phylum Placozoa)
  belong?

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Older Phylogenetic Tree (Fig. 32.10)
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Newer Phylogenetic Tree (Fig. 32.11)
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Body Symmetry (Fig. 32.7)
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Development and Body Plans

• Parazoa
• Eumetazoa
• Tricoplax adhaerens ?????
• Radiata
• Planula larva
• Diploblastic (ectoderm and endoderm)
• Bilateria
• Triploblastic (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm)
• Zygote ? ? ? Blastula ? ? ? Gastrula

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Early Embyronic Development (Fig. 32.2)
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Germ Layer Derivatives

• Ectoderm --- forms outer covering (epithelium)
  and nervous system
• Mesoderm --- muscles and some organs
• Endoderm --- lining of digestive tract, liver and
  lungs

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Coelom --- Yes or No (Fig. 32.8)

• What is a coelom?
• Acoelomate animals

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Pseudocolomate Animals (Fig. 32.8)

• Mesoderm lines ONLY the OUTER body wall!

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Coelomate Animals (Fig. 32.8)

• Also known as Eucoelomate animals

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Coelom Functions

• Cushions organs (prevents injury)
• Organs can grow and move independently of outer
  body wall
• Acts as a hydrostatic skeleton in some organisms

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Protostome / Deuterostome (Fig. 32.9)
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