Protestant Reformation: 1350 1648

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Protestant Reformation 1350 - 1648
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Lost Spiritual Direction

• Roman Catholic Church concerned in worldly
  affairs
• not in spirituality

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Biblical Interpretation v Church Tradition
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Papal Authority - tradition

• Transubstantiation
• Seven Sacraments
• Latin
• Good Works
• Celibacy

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Married Priests???
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Wycliffe earliest reformer

• Vernacular
• King and tithe
• consubstantiation
• Bible as soul authority

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The Heretics Fate teach false doctrine
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Indulgences For Sale
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Purgatory fate of the frail faithful
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Coins, coins, the coffer rings
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From Purgatory another soul springs
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Indulgences Letters of Credit
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Pope Leo X user of indulgencesportrait by Raphael
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Other Uses Sistine Chapel
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Sistine Chapel and lots more!
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Major Issues

• Bible sole authority - Individual interpretation
  of scripture
• Sale of indulgences
• Married priests???
• Bible written in other languages

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German Reformation Luther Speaks OUT!!!

• 95 Theses
• or
• Statements
• Designed to
• Challenge or debate current ideas

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Luther Gotta have

• Faith alone
• Bible Sole (soul)
• authority
• Priesthood
• Of believers

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Holy Roman Empire

• Loose confederation
• Territories and free cities
• Local control over tithe, land

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The Swiss ReformationZwingli and Calvin
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Calvins Model City He rules Geneva

• Predestination the elect have already been
  chosen. Should follow highest of standards.
• Self discipline reduce worldly temptations

• Theocracy government run by religious leaders
• NO to card playing, dancing, profane language,
  showy dress regular meetings

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John Calvin - Reformer

• Huguenots
• Presbyterians
• Puritans

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The Edict of Nantes Religious Toleration

• Signed by Henry IV King of France
• Rights to Huguenots arms, churches, seminary.
  Schools fortified towns later revoked - exiles

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Zwingli and his Works
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Zwingli in Zurich - Anabaptists

• Adult baptism? Against infant baptism
• Infants too young to understand and accept the
  faith Catholics and Lutherans
• Some radical, but most
• peaceful, religious toleration separation
  church and state influence today first
  amendment

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Zwingli in Zurich - Anabaptists

• United Brethren
• Baptists
• Amish
• Mennonites

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Little Known Severtus A heretic?

• Well educated
• Unitarian
• Theologian, Physician editor
• Heretic burned at the stake

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The Reformers
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The Ensuing Propaganda via the new invention The
Printing Press
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The English ReformationA Unique Twist
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The Tower of London Doomed fate of many
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The many wives of Henry III
A kingdom for a son!! Needs annulment to marry
Anne Boleyn Pope says NO!! Charles V
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Charles V King of Spain
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Emperor of Lots
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Catherine of Aragon 1

• Age 16 sent to England to Marry Arthur Eldest
  son of Henry VII
• Arthur died 6 months after the marriage
• Marries Henry VIII special dispensation

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Henry VIIIs Children

• 1 Catherine
• - 52 days
• -miscarriage
• -death
• -Mary Tudor I
• 2 Anne
• Elizabeth
• -miscarriage,
• -miscarriage
• 3 Jane
• Edward

• 1510 Daughter - died1511 Son - died1513 Son -
  died1514 Son - died1516 Mary - survived
• 1518 Daughter died maybe a 2nd
• 1533 Elizabeth - survived1534 Son - died1535
  unknown - died1536 Son - died
• 1537 Edward - survived

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English Catholic Church

• Parliament passed a series of laws
• Act of Supremacy king controls the church
• Act of Submission Clergy submit to the king
• Act of Succession Edward, Mary, Elizabeth

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Henry strengthened Anglican - Episcopalian

• Closed the monasteries sold off the land
• English Bible and most of the same services

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Anne Boleyn - 2, She met her doom at the tower
treason, affairs
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Jane Seymour - 3 Mother of Edward VI dies
shortly after son is born
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Henry VIII and his Wives

• Catherine of Aragon D
• Anne Boleyn - B
• Jane Seymour - Died
• Anne of Cleves - D
• Catherine Howard - B
• Catherine Parr - W

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Edward VI only 10 years old

• Regent Uncle
• Lord Somerset
• Died 1553 (16)
• Debate Mary or Lady Jane Grey niece (promised
  by Henry VIII) 9 days

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Mary I (Tudor), daughter Catholic Queen 1553
1558 m Philip II (Spain)
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Bloody Mary Tudor - Catholic

• Attacks
• Protestant
• Leadership
• 300 plus Anglican Bishops

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Elizabeth R - Daughter

• 1558 1603
• Never married
• Virgin Queen

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Elizabeth preserves the church

• Maintained the catholic services Puritans
  (Calvinists) hated
• Maintained bishop hierarchies Archbishop of
  Canterbury
• English Book of Common Prayer

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Elizabeth Legitimate??
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Mary Queen of ScotlandIst cousin once removed
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The Catholics Reformation with the Council at
Trent stop the mass exodus, leaving
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Counter reformation

• Salvation through faith and good works
• Established seminaries for clergy standardized
  the curriculum
• Inquisition Spain used secret testimony,
  torture and execution heresy
• Index of Prohibited books certain books were
  banned heretical, reformers

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The Inquisition
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Index of Prohibited Books
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Loyal Loyola and the Jesuits Missionaries and
teachers
Moral - spiritual, discipline, rigorous religious
training Obedience to the Pope
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Jewish Persecution

• Spain convert or leave banned
• Venice ghettos clustered together
• Germany Synagogues burned Jews expelled
• Charles V Jews Americas, Ottoman Empire,
  Netherlands and Poland

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Status Quo is Baroquen
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The Loyal Hapsburgs
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Years of conflict ends with Peace of Augsburg
1555 Choose to be Catholic or Lutheran?
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France War of the Three Henrys
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Francis I and Catherine D
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Henry Guise the Catholic League
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The Huguenot Presence
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St Bartholomews Day of Death
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Henry IV of Navarre Paris is worth a mass!
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The Holy Roman Empire
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30 Years War 1618 - 1648
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Who is the King and Emperor?
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Secular or Religious War?
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Death, War, Pestilence, and Famine
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Protestant Swede Gustavus Adolphus
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Catholic French intrigue with Cardinal Richeleau
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1648 Peace Treaty of Westphalia
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All images copied from Google Image Database