Anatomy and Physiology I

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Anatomy and Physiology I

• Tissue Types

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Key Terms

• Histology
• the study of tissues.
• Tissues
• Simply groups of similar cells that work together
  performing the same task
• Greatest form of teamwork in the body

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Where are tissues found?

• With few exceptions, organs are composed of
  four basic tissue types
• Epithelial Tissue
• Connective Tissue
• Muscular Tissue
• Nervous Tissue

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Why Study Histology?
Knowing the difference between normal and
abnormal tissue is the first step in diagnosis
and treatment of patients.
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Skin, our largest organ
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Epithelial Tissue

• Makes up 3 of your body weight
• They dont move
• They dont send messages
• Their cells are all touching one another
• Of all tissues, they are the most widely varied
  in structure and function

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Locations of Epithelial Tissues

• Covers the body (epidermis)
• Found on the inside of hollow organs and the
  outside of all organs
• Found above a connective tissue layer (epi
  above)
• Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts, and blood
  vessels inside the body

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Epithelial Anatomy

• Apical surface upper surface that is free or
  exposed to the exterior
• Basal surface attached surface (below)
• Microvilli small fingerlike extensions that
  increase the surface area allowing for more work
  to be done

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Functions of Epithelial Tissue

• Protects from physical chemical injury
• Protects against microbial infection
• Contains receptors which respond to stimuli
• Filters, secretes reabsorbs materials
• Secretes fluids to lubricate joints

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Three Basic Shapes

• Squamous like scales, or pancakes (being
  squashed like a pancake)
• Cuboidal looks like cubes
• Columnar longer and look like columns

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Cell Organization

• Simple single layer of cells typically found
  where absorption and filtration occur or a single
  layer of epithelial is needed
• simple squamous
• simple cuboidal
• simple columnar
• Stratified layers of cells common in areas
  where protection is needed like the skin
• stratified squamous
• stratified cuboidal
• stratified columnar

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Two Types of Stratified Columnar

• Ciliated
• Unciliated

cilia
No cilia
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Squamous Epithelium

• Simple one cell thick

• Forms solid layer of cells which line blood
  vessels, body cavities and covers organs in body
  cavities

• Stratified multiple layers
• Forms epidermis

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Cuboidal Epithelium
Cuboid Cells

• Simple one cell thick
• Roughly cube shaped

• Line ducts in kidneys where reabsorption and
  secretory activities take place.

Cuboid Cells
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Columnar Epithelium

• Simple one cell thick
• Column shaped (long and narrow)
• Lines digestive tract where reabsorption
  secretion occurs.

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Confusing Epithelial Tissue

• Transitional Epithelium stratified tissue that
  cant make up its mind as to whether it is
  squamous or cuboidal

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Confusing Epithelial Tissue Continued

• Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
• Looks like it has more than one layer because of
  the position of the nucleus
• Nuclei are positioned at differing levels
• Cells narrow in the area without the nucleus

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Epithelial Tissue in Review
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Types of Epithelial Membranes

• Mucous lining of tubes moistens and protects
  from enzymes (stomach, trachea, and vagina)
• Serous outside of organs lubricates
  (all thoracic, abdominal and pelvic organs)
• Cutaneous body surface protection (skin)
• Synovial synovial joints lines and protects
  synoival cavity (elbow, knee, hip, etc.)