Kingdom Animalia

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Kingdom Animalia

• Vertebrates

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There are 5 Vertebrate Groups

• 1. Fish
• 2. Amphibians
• 3. Reptiles
• 4. Birds
• 5. Mammals

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Vertebrates

• Animals with a backbone
• Includes fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and
  mammals (listed in order of complexity)

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Characteristics Cont.

• Endoskeleton - internal skeleton that can support
  a larger body.
• Closed circulatory system with multi-chambered
  heart - all blood contained in vessels

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Differences in Vertebrates

• Each group represents the appearance of
  evolutionary milestone
• Ability to regulate body temp.
• Ectotherms - their body temp is regulated mainly
  by external enviroment.
• Endotherms - animals that control their body temp
  by internal processes

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Differences Cont.

• Jelly-like egg
• Organisms with this type of egg must live in
  water or lay their eggs in water
• Amniotic egg
• shelled, water-retaining egg
• Yolk provides nourishment for embryo
• Organisms with this type of egg are not dependent
  on water-can live on land far away from water

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Fishes
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General Characteristics

• Swim Bladder Air sac that helps fish move up and
  down in water (Inflates and deflates as gases
  from blood pass through it)
• 2 chambered heart
• Jelly-like eggs
• Ectothermic

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Lateral Line System

• Row of microscopic organs that detect changes in
  water pressure and vibrations
• Looks like a groove, running from head to tail
• Alerts fish of other organisms around them -
  Sensory

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Fins

• For movement, thrust, steering and direction

Posterior Side (back)
Dorsal Fin (back/top)
VentralFin (belly)
Anterior Side (front)
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Scales

• Cover skin in overlapping pattern
• Mucus coating to reduce friction

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Gills

• Used of oxygen exchange
• Operculum - Flap of tissue that covers the gills

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Three Classes
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Class Agnatha

• Jawless - affects feeding style
• Ex Lampreys, hagfish

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Class Chondrichthyes

• Flexible skeletons made of cartilage - elastic
  and light for deep water swimming
• Ex Sharks, rays, skates

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Class Osteichthyes

• Bony skeletons
• Two types
• Ray-finned fish
• Lobed-finned fish

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Fish in the Biosphere

• Play important role in saltwater and freshwater
  aquatic food chains
• Important source of protein in human diets
• Other products made from fish
• medicine, glue, livestock feed, pet food

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Class Amphibia
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General Characteristics

• Start their lives as aquatic larvae but live
  adult lives on land
• Metamorphosis - internal and external changes
  through maturity
• Skin breathes by allowing gas exchange with
  environment, must stay moist
• Three-chambered heart
• Jelly-like eggs
• Ectothermic

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Amphibians near Water

• Because
• Jelly-like eggs must be moist to keep form drying
  out
• skin must be moist in order to breathe and keep
  from drying out
• Larvae are aquatic

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Amphibians in Biosphere

• Environmental indicators
• Control insect pests
• other human uses
• food source
• medicine
• amphibian poisoned arrows

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Frogs Toads
Toads
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Poison dart frogs
Bullfrogs
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Salamanders Newts
Cave Salamander
Long tailed Salamander
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Class Reptilia

• Reptiles

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Characteristics

• Smooth, dry, scaly, water- proof skin which helps
  them conserve water
• Heart with three chambers
• Ectothermic
• Some must molt to grow
• Amniotic eggs

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Able to Live on Land

• Because
• efficient respiratory system
• amniotic eggs
• water-proof skin

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4 Orders

• 1. Order Squamata - snakes, lizards iguanas
• 2. Order Cheloria - tortoises turtles
• 3. Order Crocodilia - crocodiles alligators
• 4. Order Rhynchocephalia - Tuataras
• Only species, found in New Zealand

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Tuatara
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Lizards and Snakes
Frilled lizard
Galapagos marine iguana
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Chameleon
Thorny Devil
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Coral snake
King cobra
Green tree python with babies
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Reticulated python
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Alligators
Crocodilians
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Turtles Tortoises
Hawaiian Green Sea Turtle
Galapagos Tortoise
Red-eared Slider
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Birds
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Link between Reptiles and Birds

• Arcaeopteryx

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BIRDS

• The Archaeopteryx is an ancient bird with the
  earliest known fossil with identifiable feathers.
• Moderns birds
• Lack teeth
• Lay amniotic eggs
• Have scales on their feet
• Covered in Feathers

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Characteristics of Birds

• Feathers important feature that separates birds
  from reptiles
• Birds have two types of feathers

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Contour Feathers

• Have a smooth surface to decrease wind
  resistance.

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Down Feathers

• Trap air to help maintain the birds temperature.

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Characteristics continued

• Endothermic
• The bones of birds are Hollow and Thin.
• Birds have a 4 Chambered heart.

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Honeycomb (hollow) bones for Flight
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Andean Condor
Bald Eagle
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Snowy owl
Barn owl
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Muted swan
Roadrunner
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Hummingbird
Bird of Paradise
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Class Mammalia
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MAMMALS

• Most advanced vertebrates
• Classified together because they nurse their
  young using Mammary glands.

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Diaphragm

• Muscle located beneath the lungs
• Exclusive to mammals
• Allows them to breathe in large amounts of air.

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Characteristics of Mammals

• Endothermic
• Hair, used for warmth and waterproofing.
• Mammary glands used to nurse their young

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Classification

• grouped into three groups based on their
  reproductions
• Monotremes
• Placentals
• Marsupials

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Monotremes

• Monotremes - Lay Eggs,
  ex Duck billed Platypus

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Monotremes (Egg Layers)
Echidna
Platypus
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Placentals

• Placentals -Nourished in Mother, ex Humans and
  Cows

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Placentals(Young are nourished inside mother by
a placenta until fully developed
Smallest Mammals Pigmy Shrew Bumblebee Bat
Largest mammal Blue Whale
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Chapmans Zebra
Gray Wolf
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Texas Longhorn
Panther
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Marsupials

• Marsupial - Developed inside a Pouch, ex
  Kangaroo

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Marsupials(Young finish developing in a pouch)
Koalas
Kangaroo
Opossum
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Wombat
Tasmanian Devil