PLANT KINGDOM

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PLANT KINGDOM

• CHAPTER 10 SEC 1

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WHAT IS A PLANT?????

• Nearly all plants are autotrophs (organisms
  that make their own food)
• All Plants are
• Eukaryotes (cells contain a nucleus)
• Multicellular
• All cells are surrounded by a cell wall

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PLANT BODY ORGANIZATION

• Cells structure each cell has a cell wall,
  nucleus and other organelles
• Cells these cells contain chloroplasts that
  capture the suns energy in photosynthesis

http//web.jjay.cuny.edu
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• Tissues the leaf contains several kinds of
  tissues. Some tissues protect the leaf. Others
  are specialized for photosynthesis. Still others
  carry food and water

http//www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/
BioBookPLANTANAT.htmlPhloem
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• Organ a leaf is an organ made up of may layers
  of tissue that work together to carry out
  photosynthesis

http//www.photovault.com
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• Organ system
• the shoot system contains stems, leaves and buds
• (makes food for plant)
• The root system
• (absorb water and nutrients and anchors
  plants)

http//www.emc.maricopa.edu
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Check up

• What are the 3 characteristics of plants?
• List how a plant is organized from the smallest
  to the largest.
• How many organ systems does a plant have? Name
  them

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Adaptations for Living on Land

• To survive on land plants must
• have structures that allow them to obtain water
  and other nutrients from their surroundings
• Retain water (keep it) the cuticle is an
  adaptation that helps a plant reduce water loss.
  It is a waxy, waterproof layer that covers the
  leaves of most plants

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• Transporting Materials - Needs to transport
  water, minerals , food and other materials from
  one part to another.
• Vascular tissue consists of tube like
  structures inside a plant through which water,
  minerals and food move.

http//www.emc.maricopa.edu
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• Support their own bodies
• Leaves must be exposed to as much sunlight as
  possible.
• Rigid cell walls and vascular tissue strengthen
  help support large plants.

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• Reproduction
• All plants undergo sexual reproduction that
  involves the fertilization , the joining of a
  sperm cell with an egg cell. Fertilized egg is
  called a zygote.
• It produces a new plant that is genetically
  different from both parents
• Many plants can also reproduce asexually
  reproduction in plants by asexual methods is
  called vegetative reproduction which produces a
  genetically identical plant from which it came.

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Check up

• List the 5 adaptations a plant needs to have in
  order to live on land
• List the two ways a plant can reproduce. What are
  the results of each?

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CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS

• TWO MAJOR GROUPS
• NON VASCULAR plants that lack well-developed
  system of tubes for transporting water and
  nutrients (ex. Mosses and liverworts)
• VASCULAR- plants that have a well developed
  system of tubes for transporting water and
  nutrients (ex. Staghorn fern, gingko trees,
  wheat, daisy)

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NON - VASCULAR PLANTS

• Low growing
• Do not have roots for absorbing water and
  nutrients
• Obtain water directly from their surroundings.
  They simply pass from one cell to the next.
• Have thin cell walls
• Only grow a few centimeters

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Vascular Plants

• Better suited to life in dry areas
• Contain well developed vascular systems
• Can grow quite tall

Ruellia  humilis  Nutt.  Acanthaceae Angiosperms
Photo by Bradford Slaughter, 12 July 2003
Juniperus  virginiana  L.  var. silicicola 
(Small) E. Murray  Cupressaceae Conifers Photo
by Dan Skean, Jr.,  1984
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Check up

• What are the two plant types?
• What are the characteristics of each?

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COMPLEX LIFE CYCLE

• Plants have a complex life cycle that includes
  two stage, the sporophyte stage and the
  gametophyte stage.
• In the sporophyte stage the plant produces
  spores, tiny cells that can grow into new
  organisms.
• A spore develops into the plants other stage
  called the gametophyte.

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• In the gametophyte stage the plant produces sex
  cells or gametes.
• The gametophyte stage produces two kinds of sex
  cells sperm cells and egg cells
• The sperm cell and egg cell join to form a zygote
  which develops into a sporophyte and the cycle
  continues.

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http//www.nova.edu/ocean/biol1060/plants.html
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Check up

• What are the two stages of the life cycle of
  plants?
• Explain what happens in each stage.