THE MIDDLE AGES

1
THE MIDDLE AGES
2
FEUDALISM

• AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN LORDS AND VASSALS
• - VASSAL GET LAND (FIEF)
• - MUST TAKE OATH OF LOYALTY
• - PROMISE OF MILITARY AID
• PAY HOMAGE
• SERFS/PEASANTS TAKE OATH
• TO SERVE VASSAL
• SET UP MANOR
• USED AS MILITARY, FARMERS
• ALL JOBS AS WELL
• SERFS OATH WAS TO VASSAL
• PAYS HOMAGE TO VASSAL
• VASSAL USES IT TO PAY
• HOMAGE TO LORD WHO PAYS KING

3
FEUDALISM AND THE MANOR
4
THE CRUSADES
POPE URBAN II LAUNCH 1095 WIN JERUSALEM IN 1099 4
TOTAL CRUSADES NONE MORE SUCCESSFUL THAN THE
FIRST
5
Frankish King 46 yr reign, warrior King loved to
fight. Over 50 campaigns Dominated Europe
Revived government and education Not religious
until 800 Pope asks for help crowns him Holy
Roman Emperor (HRE) Christian King Ruling
Christian people Huge kingdom need strong
government
CHARLEMAGNE
6
THE BLACK PLAGUE
Proximity made it spread faster Killed within
days 34 of population of Europe dies
Disease spread by rats Comes from the
East Devastating effects on population First
appears in 1347 in Italy Throughout Europe by 1353
7
King John rules after Norman conquest of England
Cruel and greedy King. Fought many battles and
lost Forced nobles to pay high taxes Killed those
who did not Angry nobles force John to sign Magna
Carta
Magna Carta King gives nobles certain
rights. Monarch must obey the law Protect the
legal rights of people trial by jury no unjust
prison speedy trial cant raise taxes
without permission of nobles
King John
MAGNA CARTA
8
THOMAS BECKET
Common law vs. Cannon law Henry II vs Innocent III
9
HUNDRED YEARS' WAR
French power and development Lasted off and on
for 117 years Battled for control of France
Established French control of mainland Europe and
removed British control
10
JOAN OF ARC
Peasant girl who leads France to several
victories Betrayed by Charles VII given over to
British Put on trial Put to death for
heresy Rallied French forces to victory Helps
develop nationalism
11
scholasticism
Used in Medieval Europe, school of thought that
used logic and reason to support Christian
beliefs.
12
sacraments

• 7 sacraments helps church control people
• All people involved
• Covers every aspect of life.

13
LAY INVESTITURE