Domains Eubacteria

1
Domains Eubacteria Archae

• Prokaryotic Cells

2
What are Bacteria?

• Prokaryotes
• Nucleus-Less (nucleoid)
• One-Celled
• Microscopic (1-10 microns)
• Omni-present

3
Eukaryotic Cell Evolution

• Marguliss Endosymbiont Hypothesis
• Chloroplasts and Mitochondria (organelles) are
  believed to originally be bacteria that infested
  other cells to become symbionts in their host.
• EvidenceMitochondria have their own DNA separate
  from the cell, passed on from mother in sexual
  reproductive organisms.

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Bacteria Cells Contain
G- have another outer membrane of lipids
outside the cell wall. Some bacteria also have a
capsule ofpolysaccharides
5
Identification Cell Shape fig. 27.2

• Spirilla - spiral
• Cocci- sphere
• Bacilli rod

i.e genus Spirillus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus
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Identification- Shape

• Diplo- two together
• Strepto- chains
• Staphylo- clusters

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Identification fig. 27.3

• Cell Wall Composition
• Gram Staining

• Crystal Violet- Gram Positive
• one layer of carbs/protein cell wall

• Safranine dye- Gram Negative
• 2nd outer layer of carbs/lipids around cell wall

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Identification Gram Positive

• Crystal Violet- Gram Positive
• one layer of carbs/protein cell wall

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Identification Gram Negative

• Safranine dye- Gram Negative
• 2nd outer layer of carbs/lipids in cell wall

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Identification

• M o v e m e n t
• Flagella
• Gyration
• Slime
• Nonmotile

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Reproduction Spores
Spores - endospores are dormant, resting stages
made during unfavorable conditions. (Clostridium
and Bacillus)
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Reproduction

• Binary Fission-asexual division of cell to form
  identical copies of bacteria

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Reproduction Conjugation
Sex pilus Plasmid (F,R)
14
Transformation TransductionFig. 27.11 27.13
15
Identification

• Metabolism Fig.27.7
• Autotrophic
• Photosynthetic
• Chemosynthetic

• Heterotrophic
• parasite
• Chemotrophic

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Environmental Benefits

• Nutrient Flow-saprophytes/decomposers
• Sewage Decomposition
• Symbiosis
• Nitrogen Fixation - Rhizobium
• intestinal flora- E. coli
• Food Production- yogurt, sour dough

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Respiration

• Anaerobic
• oxygen absent
• Obligate -botulism
• poisoned by O2
• Facultative

• Aerobic
• oxygen present
• Obligate

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How are Bacteria classified?

• Groups(phylums)
• Eubacteria
• Cyanobacteria (photosynthetic)
• Chlamydias (parasite)
• Spirochetes (i.e. syphilis, Lyme disease)
• Gram Positive (botulism, tetanus, Streptococcus,
  Staphylococcus)
• Proteobacteria (gram-negative, Rhizobium, E.coli,
  Salmonella, Helicobacter)

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Compare 3 Domains of Life

• eubacteria

• Archae Eukarya

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Eubacteria

• True Bacteria
• Cell Wall- complex carbohydrates
• Some with two cell membranes

• Some with Flagella protruding from membrane
• Flagella used for locomotion
• Soil,pathogenic, photosynthetic

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Cyanobacteria

• Photosynthetic
• Blue-Green Bacteria (previously called algae)
• Contain membranes that complete light reaction of
  photosynthesis (no chloroplast)

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Archaebacteria

• Archae- ancient BUT
• Live in harsh environments

• Extremophiles
• Thermophiles
• Halophiles
• Methanogens

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Temperature conditions

• Optimal requirements for the shortest
  generation time.
• (a) Psychrophiles (0 - 20 ºC).
• (b) Mesophiles (20 - 40 ºC)
• Most bacteria especially pathogens require 37 ºC.
• (c) Thermophiles (40 - 90 ºC).

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Diseases Bacterial

• Diphtheria
• Tuberculosis
• Typhoid Fever
• Tetanus
• Hansen Disease
• Syphilis
• Cholera
• Bubonic Plague
• Rocky Mountain spotted Fever

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Antibiotic attack
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Penicillin Antibiotic

• Derivative from Penicillium fungus which competes
  with bacteria for food source.
• Fungal Competition worksheet

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Immunity White Blood Cells
Phagocytosis
Antibodies
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References

• http//www.liu.edu/cwis/bklyn/acadres/facdev/Facul
  tyProjects/WebClass/micro-web/html-files/TOC.html
• http//www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/
  Bacvirus/Quiz.htm
• http//www.microbe.org/
• Miller, K. R. and J. Levine, 1995. Biology
  Prentice Hall.Campbell Reece 7th ed. 2005