Bacteria - Eubacteria

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Bacteria - Eubacteria

• Domain Prokarya

2
Shifting Kingdoms
Lumpers
Splitters
2 3 5 6 8
Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria
Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria
Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans
Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids
Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes
Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae
Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae
Red algae Red algae Red algae Red algae Red algae
Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds
True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi
Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes
Tracheophytes Tracheophytes Tracheophytes Tracheophytes Tracheophytes
Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans
Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans
Multicellular Animals Multicellular Animals Multicellular Animals Multicellular Animals Multicellular Animals
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How Many Kingdoms?
Extant
Extinct
Long Time with Prokaryotes only
Original Cell
4
Bacteria - Eubacteria

• Ancient fossils 3.5 billion years b.p.
• Archetype for prokaryotic organisms
• Phototrophs
• Chemoautotrophs
• Heterotrophs
• Saprobes
• Parasites (bacteria benefit, host harmed)
• Commensals (bacteria benefit, host unharmed)
• Mutualists (bacteria and host both benefit)
• Unicellular, colonial, filamentous
• Bacillus, coccus, spirillum

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Bacterial Phyla
Rhodopseudomonads
Extant
Purple nonsulfur
Actinomycetes
Mycoplasmas
Desulfovibrios
Clostrids
Purple Sulfur
Myxobacteria
Prochlorophytes
Green Sulfur
Cyanobacteria
Spirochetes
Rikettsias
Extinct
Gram positive
Original Cell
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Domain Prokarya

• Kingdom Bacteria

Proteobacteria
Chlamydias
Spirochetes
Gram Positive
Cyanobacteria
?
?
?
?
?
to Domains Archaea and Eukarya
Universal Ancestor
7
Domain Prokarya

• Kingdom Bacteria

Proteobacteria
Gram-negative
photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs
?
?
symbionts, parasites Rhizobium-legumes N2
fixation Agrobacterium-host Recombinant DNA
Rickettsias Rocky Mountain Fever likely
source of mitochondrion by endosymbiosis
Universal Ancestor
8
Domain Prokarya

• Kingdom Bacteria

Proteobacteria
Gram-negative
photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs
?
?
?
nutritionally diverse Nitrosomonas in soil
NH4 NO2-
ammonium nitrite
Universal Ancestor
9
Domain Prokarya

• Kingdom Bacteria

Proteobacteria
Gram-negative
photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs
?
?
?
?
Photosynthetic Chromatium
CO2 H2S CH2O S(solid) Heterotrop
hic Legionella-Legionnaires disease Enterics
Escherichia coli in your intestine
Salmonella food poisoning Vibrio
cholerae cholera
Universal Ancestor
10
Domain Prokarya

• Kingdom Bacteria

Proteobacteria
Gram-negative
photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs
?
?
?
?
?
Myxobacteria slime secretion, aggregation,
spores Bdellovibrios rapid locomotion
100?m/sec penetrate prey
bacteria 100 rps
Universal Ancestor
11
Domain Prokarya

• Kingdom Bacteria

Proteobacteria
Gram-negative
photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs
?
?
?
?
?
?
Helicobacter pylori human stomach ulcers
Universal Ancestor
12
Domain Prokarya

• Kingdom Bacteria

Proteobacteria
Chlamydias
Gram-negative parasites inside animal
cells Chlamydia trachomatis blindness Non-gonoco
ccal urethritis common STD
(most-common in USA!)
?
?
?
?
?
Universal Ancestor
13
Domain Prokarya

• Kingdom Bacteria

Proteobacteria
Chlamydias
Spirochetes
?
?
?
?
?
Helical heterotrophs to 0.25 mm long but very
thin! Rotational bacterial filament Free-living
and pathogens Treponema pallidum syphilis
Borrelia burgdorferi Lyme disease
Universal Ancestor
14
Domain Prokarya

• Kingdom Bacteria

Proteobacteria
Chlamydias
Spirochetes
Gram Positive very diverse
?
?
?
?
?
Actinomycetes branched chains tuberculosis,
leprosy Soil Streptomyces antibiotics Solitary
Bacillus, Clostridium anthrax,
botulism Staphylococcus clusters Streptococcus
chains hospital diseases Mycoplasmas 0.1?m
walking pneumonia
Universal Ancestor
15
Domain Prokarya

• Kingdom Bacteria

Proteobacteria
Chlamydias
Spirochetes
Gram Positive
Cyanobacteria
?
?
?
?
?
likely source of chloroplast by endosymbiosis
unicell, colony, filament photoautotrophs CO2
H2O O2 CH2O heterocysts N2 fixation N2
H ATP NH4
Universal Ancestor