Classification: Kingdoms and Domains

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Classification Kingdoms and Domains

• Biology
• Mrs. Volin

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Taxonomy

• The science of classification and naming

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Carolus Linnaeus
binomial nomenclature
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Organisms grouped according to evolutionary
descent

• Cladogram shows evolutionary relationships
  among organisms

derived characters
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The six kingdom system

• Eubacteria
• Archebacteria
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia
• See page 459

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Kingdom Eubacteria

• Prokaryotes
• Cell walls with peptidoglycan
• Unicellular
• Autotroph or heterotroph
• Examples Streptococcus, E. coli

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Kingdom Archebacteria

• Prokaryotes
• Cell walls without peptidoglycan
• Unicellular
• Autotroph or heterotroph
• Examples methanogens, halophiles

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Kingdom Protista

• Eukaryotes----very diverse kingdom
• Cell walls with cellulose in some
• some have chloroplasts
• Unicellular or multicellular some colonial
• Autotrophs or heterotrophs
• Examples Amoeba, Paramecium, giant kelp, slime
  molds

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Kingdom Fungi

• Eukaryotes
• Cell walls with chitin
• Most multicellular some unicellular
• Heterotrophs
• Examples Mushrooms, yeast, athletes foot

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Kingdom Plantae

• Eukaryotes
• Cell walls of cellulose
• have chloroplasts
• Multicellular
• Autotrophs
• Examples Mosses, ferns, flowering plants

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Kingdom Animalia

• Eukaryotes
• No cell walls
• Multicellular
• Heterotrophs
• Examples Sponges, worms, insects, fishes,
  mammals

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Kingdom Animalia
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Animals

• Multicellular
• Eukaryotes
• Heterotrophic
• Lack cell walls

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Animals

• 95 are invertebrates (do not have backbone)
• Sponges, starfish, jellyfish, worms, insects
• 5 are vertebrates (have backbone)
• Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

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Animals Simple to ComplexCharacteristics

• Cell specialization
• Formation of tissues and organs
• Early development
• Blastula protostome or deuterostome

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Animals Simple to ComplexCharacteristics

• Body symmetry

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Animals Simple to ComplexCharacteristics

• Cephalization
• The concentration of sense organs at front end of
  body
• Response to environment is quicker and more
  sophisticated
• More complexmore cephalization

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Animals Simple to ComplexCharacteristics

• Body cavity formation
• Fluid filled space where organs are suspended