The American Civil War: Its Causes, Battles, and Reconstruction

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The American Civil WarIts Causes, Battles, and
Reconstruction
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GPS SS8H6

• The student will analyze the impact of the Civil
  War and Reconstruction on Georgia.

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What do you know about the Civil War?Why was it
fought? (causes?)How did it impact our history,
and how does it still impact us today?
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• The war was fought between the Northern and
  Southern States (who succeeded from the
  union).It lasted from 1861 to 1865.3 million
  Americans fought in the war (21. million on Union
  side and 900,000 for the Confederacy)220,000
  African-American served on both sides.Over
  600,000 Americans lost their lives during the
  war.
• The first Modern War (trench warfare, total
  war, etc.)

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Consequences of the War

• The United States has remained one nation for now
  over 230 years.
• The 13th Amendment in 1865 abolished slavery.
• The United States government grew in size and
  became stronger over the states.
• Industries of the North expanded and businessmen
  became wealthier.
• The West rapidly was settled and tamed.
  (railroads, Indian Wars, etc.)
• Southerners wanted either to create a New South
  or wanted to go back to the old days.
• Although slavery was abolished, blacks did not
  have full freedoms (purpose of Civil Rights
  Movement).

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Part One The Causes of the War

• GPS SS8H6 We will explain the importance of key
  issues that led to the Civil War including
  slavery, states rights, nullification, the
  Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and the
  Georgia Platform, Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred
  Scott Case. The election of 1860, the debate over
  secession in Georgia, and the role of Alexander
  Stephens.

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Causes were differences over

• Slavery
• States Rights and Governments Role
• Western expansion
• Taxes and Tariffs
• Economies
• Social Order and Populations
• Agrarian vs. Urban Lifestyles

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Cause 1Slavery in the South

• ? In 1790, only 1,000 bales of cotton produced in
  Georgiabut grew to 700,000 bales of cotton in
  1860.
• (just under 4 million throughout the South)
• ? In 1790, there were only 30,000 slaves in
  Georgia. Due to the cotton gin and demand for
  more slave labor, slavery grew to 460,000 slaves
  by 1860.
• (4 million total in South)
• ?Before Civil War, half of Georgias wealth (400
  million) was in slavery.

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Cotton Production and Slave Population, 1790-1860
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Slavery and King Cotton in Georgia
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Daily Life for Slaves

• Housing (p. 228)
• Clothing (p. 228-29)
• Food (p. 229)
• Various Jobs (p. 229)
• Work demands (p. 229-30)
• Family Life (p. 230)
• Religion (p.231)
• Slave Codes (p. 233)

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The Underground Railroad Rap
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Underground Railroad in Georgia
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Timeline on Abolitionists and Underground Railroad

• 1793 Cotton Gin patented by Eli Whitney
• 1831 William Lloyd Garrison begins The Liberator
• 1836 House of Reps passes gag rule
• 1837 American Anti-Slavery Society formed
• 1837 Elijah Lovejoy attacked and killed
• 1847 Frederick Douglas begins The North Star
• 1849 Harriet Tubman escaped and helps runaway
  slaves

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Timeline (cont.)

• 1850 Fugitive Slave Act (stricter laws against
  runaway slaves)
• 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin
• 1857 Dred Scott Decision by Supreme Court
• 1859 John Browns rebellion
• 1861 Civil War begins
• 1863 Emancipation Proclamation
• 1865 13th Amendment abolishes slavery in the
  United States

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State your opinion!!

• Imagine you are an abolitionist (antislavery
  activist) before the Civil War. Write a letter
  to the editor of your local newspaper or to a
  friend and/or family member arguing against
  slavery. (One page long)
• Try incorporating these three points in your
  letter.
• a. Slavery is immoral and contradicts the
  religious principles of our nation.
• Slavery goes against the democratic ideals of
  liberty and equality.
• Slavery will be the cause for our nation dividing
  between the North and South.

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• "We will not resort to violence. We will not
  degrade ourselves with hatred. Love will not be
  returned with hate."
• Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

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Cause 2 States Rights and Tariffs

• Tariffs helped Northern industries, yet did
  little to help the South (they preferred foreign
  goods, cheaper)
• 1832 South Carolina refused to follow the new
  higher tariffs (Nullify) and threatened to even
  succeed from Union.
• President Andrew Jackson calls their bluff and
  threatens to use the army.
• South Carolina backed down and became resentful

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Cause 3 Agrarian vs. Industry

• North economy based on manufacturing industry and
  urbanization, while the South based on farming
  and rural.
• In 1850, over 600 mills in North but only 166 in
  South
• Only 10 of nations goods manufactured in South

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Cause 4 Western Expansion

• South believed that more slaves in west, will
  lead to more slave states more slave states,
  then more Southern power in Congress maintain
  power will protect slavery!!
• Most Northerners wanted slavery to NOT expanded
  to anymore states or territories (also concern
  for Southerners thirst for more landMexico,
  Cuba, etc.). Most believed that slave labor in
  new territories or states will not be good for
  industry.
• Wanted free soil or free
  labor

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A. Missouri Compromise (1820)