American Civil War

1
American Civil War
1861-1865
2
Confederacy v. Union
North
South
3
Confederate Union
4
Nicknames

• South
• - Rebels - Confederates
• - Rebs. - Army of Northern VA
• - Johnny Reb (individual)
• North
• - Union - Army of the Potomac
• - Yankees - Billy Yank (individual)

5
(No Transcript)
6
Border States

• KY, MO, MD, DE
• Martial Law
• Must protect DC
• Limit freedoms suspend Habeas Corpus

7
(No Transcript)
8
Advantages of North
- Pop. (22 mil.) - 90 of industrial goods
(guns, ammo) - RRs - Navy - Recruited
slaves (200,000)
9
(No Transcript)
10
Advantages of South

• Military Leaders (Lee, Longstreet, Jackson)
• Defensive Strategy
• Psychological Advantages
• However..
• Poor trans. networks
• Only 10 of factories
• Small pop. (9 mil.)
• No foreign allies

11
Technology in Civil War
12
More accurate cannons
13
Metal Ships
14
Gatling Gun
15
Shrapnel
Shrapnel Explosion
16
Minie Ball
17
Hot Air Balloons
18
Primitive Submarines
The Alligator
19
Factories Munition Supplies
20
Quick Write Plan for Victory

• Assume the role of a Northern general and develop
  a plan for victory
• Remember, you are fighting an offensive campaign
  to re-claim the south into the Union

21
Scott's Anaconda Plan

• Blockade
• Advance on Miss. River
• Weaken S. limit Union casualties
• Timetable 2-3 years

22
Scott's Anaconda Plan

• Political Cartoon of Scott's Plan
• - Northern Newspaper circa 1860

23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
Early Southern Victories

• Gen. Lee's army is undefeated for the first 1 ½
  years of war
• Notable Victories
• - Battle of Bull Run
• - 2nd Battle of Bull Run
• - Shenendoah Valley Campaign

26
Battle of Antietam

• 1st major battle in North
• Bloodiest single day in US history - 23,000
  casualties
• Ends in stalemate
• Lee abandons invasion of MD

27
Antietam Image Analysis
- Please get out your Antietam Image packet
28
Emancipation Proclamation

• Freed slaves in S. areas of rebellion
• Impacts?

29
USS Monitor v. CSS Merrimac
30
(No Transcript)
31
Battle of Gettysburg

• July 1-3, 1863 turning point in war
• Lee invades PA
• Seminary Ridge
• Little Round Top
• Picketts Charge

32
Col. Joshua Chamberlain the 20th Maine
33
Battle of Gettysburg

• - Lee was defeated retreats to VA
• - Largest single battle in W. hemisphere
• 53,000 casualties in 3 days
• ?It was the last time the South invaded the
  North!!!

34
Gettysburg Address

• that from these honored dead we take increased
  devotion to that cause for which they gave the
  last full measure of devotion -- that we here
  highly resolve that these dead shall not have
  died in vain -- that this nation, under God,
  shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that
  government of the people, by the people, for the
  people, shall not perish from the earth.
• - President Lincoln

35
(No Transcript)
36

• Battle of Vicksburg
• July 4, 1863
• North wins controls Miss.
• Grant promoted
• Scorched Earth Total War
• Overland Campaign
• Southern Campaign

37
Sherman's March to the Sea

• Final phase
• 300 miles Atlanta ? Savannah
• Psychological Warfare
• Carolina Campaign

38
General Sherman'sMarch to the Sea
39
(No Transcript)
40
Sherman's MarchBy the Numbers

• 300 miles RRs, Telegraph, Turnpikes
• Captured - 5,000 horses - 13,000
  cattle - 9.5 million lbs. corn - 2,000
  rifles - 10,000 slaves
• 100 million in infrastructure/property damage

41
54th Massachusetts

• 1st All-Black regiment
• 1st Blacks to receive Medal of Honor

William Carney
42
Battle of Fort Wagner (July 18, 1863)
43
Battle of the Wilderness(1864)
44
Battle of Spotsylvania(1864)
45
Siege of Petersburg(March 1864 June 1865)
46
Appomattox Court House

• Lee surrenders April 9, 1865
• Oath of Loyalty
• Lenient surrender
• Avoid humiliating S.
• Federal govt. asserts power

47
Civil War By the Numbers - Over 618,000
military casualties during Civil War - More than
all previous US Wars combined - Due to advanced
weaponry, long campaigns, and military draft
(1st ever in US)
48
POLITICAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS

• 1) Homestead Act
• - Westward expansion
• - 165 acres for free!
• 2) Pacific Railway Act
• - Northern railroad trade potential
• 3) Tariffs
• - Protect N. industries

49

• EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR
• Unifies country abolishes Confederacy
• Abolition of slavery
• Increased power of Federal Govt.
• U.S. ? Industrial Nation
• W. lands open to settlement
• Reconstruction