The Cold War Begins

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The Cold War Begins

• Break Up of the Allied Nations

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An Iron Curtain Falls

• An uneasy alliance
• 26 nations pooled resources to defeat Axis
• Lesser of two evils, all had a common enemy
• Soviet mistrust of US
• Resented involvement in 1917 Revolution
  (supported White Russians)
• 16 year delay in recognition (GB 7)
• General dislike of capitalism
• Delay in opening up second front in France
• Excluded from key meetings

3
US Mistrust of Soviets

• General dislike/fear of Communism
• Early withdrawal from WWI
• Stalins Bloody Purges work camps
• Secret agreement with Hitler, 8/39
• Non-Aggression Pact

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One World to Containment

• Realism set in as Soviets stayed at choke points
• Dardanelle's Bosporus
• Iran
• Greece
• Churchills Iron Curtain Speech

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Truman Doctrine

• US foreign policy now to support free people
  resist outside pressure (Comm.)
• Pledged military aid
• 400 million sent to Greece Turkey
• Soviets did back down
• Tone is set
• Domino Theory introduced

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Marshall Plan Economic Version of Truman
Doctrine

• Offered by Sec. of State Marshall
• 17 billion in aid to 16 nations
• Humanitarian thing to do
• Felt weak govt might fall to Communism
• Early opposition died out Czech, cost/benefit
  ratio
• Had to buy goods from USA

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The Cold War Deepens
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Crisis in Berlin

• Originated over strength of Germany issue
• GB, France, US combined their sectors with
  eventual independence
• Unite W. Germany

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Post War Germany/Berlin
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Crisis in Berlin

• Berlin became the challenge
• Soviets declared their currency official
• Cut off roads RR into city
• Shut off electricity
• Stalin hoped for one of two options
• West would surrender Berlin OR
• West give up plan to unite West Germany

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Crisis in Berlin cont.

• Truman opts for a third option airlift in the
  needed supplies
• GB US planes did this for 11 months
• Plan was to have a plane land every three minutes

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Berlin Airlift Outcome

• German ill-will to the West eased
• World opinion turned against Stalin
• Berlin became symbol of fight against Communism
• Two republics created
• Federal Republic of Germany
• German Democratic Republic of East Germany
• NATO formed
• Countered by the Warsaw Pact

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UN Make-up

• Bicameral body
• General Assembly
• Security Council
• 15 members
• 5 permanent (USA, GB, FR, China, USSR)
• Permanent members have veto power

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Cold War in Asia

• Civil War in China resumed
• Nationalist under Chiang Kai-shek
• Communists under Mao Tse-tung (Zedong)
• Mao forced Chiangs forces to Taiwan
• US refused to recognize Peoples Republic of
  China creates UN problem

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Cold Becomes Hot in Korea

• June 25, 1950 North Korea crossed 38th parallel
  into South Korea
• Truman turned to UN despite odds veto
• Soviets boycotting so UN takes charge
• Agree that US commander will be UNs
• Douglas MacArthur chosen by Truman

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Korean War Early Going

• UN forces cornered until MacArthur launches
  attack at Inchon
• Seoul liberated
• MacArthur pushes NK above 38th par.
• China threatens to come in
• Truman orders Mac to stop

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Korean War cont

• Mac upset, writes to Congress
• Angered by limits to war
• There is no substitute for victory
• Truman upset and meets with Mac
• He was commander-in-chief
• He didnt want China in the war

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Korean War cont.

• Mac returned and continued toward China
• China entered conflict
• Truman dismissed Mac insubordination
• Mac returned to heros welcome, spoke in
  Congress, ticker tape parade
• Trumans popularity low

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Korean War cont.

• China drove UN forces back and recaptured Seoul
• UN forces regrouped under Gen. Ridgeway and
  pushed Comm. back across 38th
• Stalemate developed in late Spring 1951

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Visions of Post-war World

• Stalin International Communism
• Churchill Maintain British Empire
• FDR / Truman world to govern itself
  democratically with international peace
  organization to arbitrate (One World)