The Age of Jackson

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The Age of Jackson

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Man of the Peopleor
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Grew up Poor
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Hero of the Battle of New Orleans
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Pre-Presidency

• Creek War (During War of 1812)
• Battle of New Orleans
• Seminole War (1817)
• Seizes FLA
• Destroys Seminole villages
• Executes British Indian-advisors

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Elections of 1824 28

• Adams Jackson Clay William Crawford
• No electoral majority gtgtgt HOR gtgtgt Corrupt
  Bargain?
• In 1828 new democratic coalition defeats Adams

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Important Info

• Forms new party Democrats
• Served 1829-37
• Favors Nationalism but not Federalism
• Anti-National Bank, against federal for
  internal improvements (burden falls to states),
  acquiesces to tariffs
• Lower voting requirements builds voting base
• Establishes Spoils System

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Spoils System

• To the victor goes the spoils
• Replaced Federal officials w/ own friends
• Kitchen Cabinet
• Ignores political elite

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Jacksonian Democracy

• Electoral College unconstitutional?
• Age of the common man
• gtgtgt leads to reform movements
• Northern Immigrants
• Westward expansion

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Native American-U.S. Relations

• Jackson abandons Jeffersonian policy of
  assimilation supports removal
• Southern states invalidated federal treaties
  (1820s)
• Indian Removal Act - provided funds for signing
  treaties that would force N.A. tribes in South to
  move west
• Worchester v. Georgia domestic dependent
  nation gt Jackson ignores
• Black Hawk War Illinois
• Indian Removal Act
• Trail of Tears

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Trail of Tears
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Trail of Tears (1838)

• Cherokee Nation banished to Oklahoma
• marched nearly 1000 miles
• ¼ die along the way

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Debating the Indian Policy

• Most Southerners Westerners favored
• Protestant missionaries urged conversion
  assimilation
• Female benevolent societies
• Petition drive almost sinks Indian Rem. Bill
• Shows early reform efforts

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Nationalism v Sectionalism

• Jackson sees himself as leader of national
  majority
• Sectional leaders
• Henry Clay (West) The Great Pacificator
• John C. Calhoun (South)
• Daniel Webster (North)

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Nationalism v. Sectionalism

• Nullification Crisis
• Tariffs 1816, 1824, 1828 (Abominations)
• Tariff unconstitutional?
• SC Nullification Ordinance gt threatens to
  secede
• Jackson obtains Force Bill from Congress
• Henry Clay orchestrates reduced Tariff Bill
• SC backs down
• Was the issue Fed Govts power over tariffs or
  slavery?

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Whig Party Forms

• In opposition to Jackson
• Will become primary competition to Democrats
  until 1850s
• Favored high tariffs, federal projects, national
  currency, federal control of banks
• Similar to old Federalist Party