The Age of Jackson

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The Age of Jackson

• 1829 - 1837

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Presidential Election

• John Quincy Adams is elected president over
  Jackson in 1824
• Jackson won the popular vote, but neither
  candidate received a majority in the electoral
  vote
• Corrupt Bargain Henry Clay influenced the House
  of Representatives to elect Adams and was
  appointed Clay Secretary of State

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Voting Requirements

• Prior to 1828 majority of Americans were content
  with allowing the aristocracy to select the
  President.
• Aristocracy wealthy, educated, privileged class
• By 1828 most states got rid of property
  qualifications for voting, therefore more people
  could vote

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Election of 1828

• Adams characterized as an intellectual elitist
• Jackson characterized as a man of humble
  origins, president for the common man
• In reality Jackson was a wealthy plantation owner

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General Jacksons Military Career

• Defeated the Creeks at Horseshoe Bend in 1814
• Defeated the British at New Orleans in 1815
• Took Florida and claimed it for the US in 1819.
• Loved by his soldiers called him Old Hickory

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jackson the man
JACKSON THE MAN
1824, Thomas Jefferson said of Jackson When I
was President of the Senate he was a Senator and
he could never speak on account of the rashness
of his feelings. I have seen him attempt it
repeatedly, and as often choke with rage. His
passions are no doubt cooler now.BUT HE IS A
DANGEROUS MAN.
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Jacksons Top Ten

• 10. Andrew Jackson was the first President from a
  state west of the Appalachian Mountains.
• 9. Andrew Jackson was the first Tennessean to
  serve in the U.S. House of Representatives.
• 8. Andrew Jackson was the first territorial
  Governor of Florida.
• 7. Andrew Jackson was the first person to serve
  as a U.S. Representative, Senator, and President.
  
• 6. Andrew Jackson exercised his veto power 12
  times as President, more than all of his
  predecessors combined.

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Jacksons Top Ten

• 5. Andrew Jackson was the first President to
  articulate that as President he represented all
  the people and the will of the majority must
  govern.
• 4. Andrew Jackson helped found and was the first
  U.S. President to represent the Democratic Party.
• 3. Andrew Jackson is the only U.S. President to
  be censured by the U.S. Senate. The censure
  (official criticism) was cancelled in the last
  year of his presidency.

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Jacksons Top Ten

• 2. The first assassination attempt on a sitting
  U.S. President occurred on January 30, 1835, when
  Robert Lawrence failed to slay Andrew Jackson.
• 1. Andrew Jackson was the only President in
  American History to pay off the national debt and
  leave office with the country in the black.

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Common man cluster

• Common Man and the west become politically
  powerful
• Jackson brought democracy to the Common man

Land easy to obtain in the West so property
qualifications were dropped Education not as
important
BricklayersBlacksmith FarmersCarpentersThe
Working Class
Rise of the Common Man and The New Democracy
Jackson stood for the common man which was most
of the population
Other Common Men in US History Davy CrockettSam
Houston
Powerful movement in the country to expand
involvement and participation of the common man
in democracy.
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New Democracy
NEW DEMOCRACY
JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY People should be governed
as little possible JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY Whatever
governing needed to be done, it should be done by
the common man. Government by the majority of
people instead of a government governed by the
upper class was introduced during Jacksons
Presidency.

• Property ownership/education not needed to vote
• Growth of political power of the working class
• Increased number of elected officials
• Land easy to get out West
• Ideas of the DOI become important and people saw
  inequalities in society.

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President Jackson

• Presidential veto - the right of a president to
  reject bills passed by the legislature.

• Spoils system to the victor belongs the spoils

• Rewarded loyal friends from the campaign with
  government positions

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Spoils System

• Jacksons policy was said to be product of the
  kitchen cabinet, a group of close friends who
  also served as his informal advisors

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President Jackson

• Indian Removal Act of 1830
• Jackson believed assimilation would not work and
  reservations required too many soldiers to
  prevent white settlement
• Indian Removal Act a series of treaties that
  moved Native American Tribes west

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Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

• Supreme court rules that Georgia does not have
  the right to regulate the Cherokee or invade its
  lands
• Andrew Jackson on the subject John Marshall has
  made his decision now let him enforce it.

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Trail of Tears

• November 1838 Cherokee made an 800-mile trip
  west
• Government officials stole their money
• Outlaws stole their livestock
• More than a quarter of the Cherokee died along
  the way

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Dont Drink the Water
Come out, come out no use in hiding Come out,
come out can you not see? Theres no place here,
what were you expecting? Not room for both, just
room for me So you will lay your arms down Yes I
will call this home Away, away youve been
banished Your land is gone and given to me And as
you go I will spread my wings Yes I will call
this home Don't Drink the Water
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Tariff of 1828Tariff of Abominations

• Limited exports from Great Britain forcing the
  South to buy more expensive items from the North

• John C. Calhoun nullification
• Questioned the legality of applying federal laws
  in sovereign states
• U.S. was a compact of sovereign states which
  could nullify, or reject a law considered
  unconstitutional

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Jackson vs. Calhoun (Pres. vs. VP)

• Calhouns rebuttal

• Jackson on Calhouns Beliefs on nullification
  secession

• Our Union it must be preserved!

• The Union, next to our liberty, the most dear
  may we all remember that can only be preserved by
  respecting the rights of the States

Calhoun resigns as VP in 1832
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Jackson on Calhoun Clay
"I have only 2 regrets that I have not shot
Henry Clay or hanged John C. Calhoun."
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South Carolina Rebels

• Tariff of 1832 caused South Carolina to threaten
  to secede or withdraw from the Union
• Jackson threatened military action against South
  Carolina
• Henry Clay proposed a bill that would gradually
  decrease the taxes of 10 years

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The National Bank

• Viewed the bank as a tool of the elite or
  privileged institution
• In 1832, Jackson vetoed the
  re-chartering of the bank
• Jackson began removing government funds and
  placing them in state banks called pet banks

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Panic of 1837

• A direct result of the closing of the National
  Bank
• Pet banks over-speculated and paper money
  became nearly worthless
• People lost their savings, businesses went
  bankrupt and 1/3 of the population was out of work

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Jacksons Legacy

• Increase of respect and power for the common man
• Voting rights expanded to all white male adult
  citizens, rather than only land owners in that
  group
• Increased the strength of the Executive branch at
  the expense of the Legislative branch

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Conflicts in Jacksons Administration

• Tariff
• Nullification
• Indian
• Second Bank
• Panic of 1837 Specie Circular

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Texas Saga

• Austin
• Houston
• Alamo
• San Jacinto
• Sectionalism Slavery Annexation debate

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Politics

• Old Hickory
• Corrupt Bargain
• Kitchen Cabinet
• Spoils System
• Universal Manhood Suffrage
• Jacksonian Democrats