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Napoleon's Domination of Europe

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Title: Napoleon's Domination of Europe


1
Napoleonic Europe
1795-1815
2
Corsica
3
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  • In 1799, Napoleon stages a Coup d etat and forms
    a new government The Consulate
  • He is named First Consul in a plebiscite
  • In 1804 he holds a second plebiscite creating the
    French Empire and becomes Emperor of France

5
Coronation of Emperor Napoleon I (1804)
6
Crowning of Empress Josephine
7
Napoleons Domination of Europe
  • After becoming emperor, Napoleon began preparing
    an invasion of Great Britain
  • In 1805, the British declared war on France and
    formed the Third Coalition
  • Two major battles decided the fate of this
    Coalition. They were
  • The Battle of Cape Trafalgar
  • The Battle of Austerlitz

8
Battle of Cape Trafalgar October 21, 1805
  • Napoleon planned to destroy the British navy and
    invade England
  • A combined French and Spanish fleet lured the
    British into a battle off the southern coast of
    Spain
  • The British under Admiral Horatio Nelson
    destroyed the fleet. However, Nelson was killed
    in the battle
  • The defeat caused Napoleon to abandon plans to
    invade Britain

Admiral Horatio Nelson
9
Battle of Austerlitz (December 2, 1805)
  • The Russians were forced to flee back to Poland
  • The Austrians signed a treaty making them an ally
    of France.
  • Napoleon broke up The Holy Roman Empire and
    formed the Confederation of the Rhine. He added
    it to his empire.
  • Napoleon crushed a combined Austrian and Russian
    Army at the small Austrian town of Austerlitz,
    by luring them into a trap

10
Napoleons Defeat of Prussia
1806-1807
  • After Napoleon created the Confederation of the
    Rhine, the Prussians began to fear his plans for
    the German territory
  • The Prussians decided to attack the French
    unaided. Big Mistake!
  • French and Prussian forces met in two major
    battles which gave Napoleon control of Western
    Europe. They were
  • The Battle of Jena
  • The Battle of Friedland

Arc de Triomphe, Paris Built in 1807 to
commemorate Napoleons victories
11
Battle of Jena - 1806
  • French forces crushed the Prussians and drove
    them into Poland
  • The French captured and occupied Berlin
  • Prussia retreated into Poland and joined the
    Russian forces which had been defeated earlier at
    Austerlitz
  • The new alliance planned to defeat Napoleon at
    the Polish town of Friedland

12
Battle of Friedland - (June 1807)
  • Napoleon defeated a combined Russian and Prussian
    Army Prussia became an ally of France
  • Napoleon created the Grand Duchy of Warsaw as a
    buffer against Russia
  • Napoleon met with Russian Czar Alexander I and
    signed the Peace of Tilsit which gave France
    control of Western Europe and allowed Russia to
    control Eastern Europe

13
The Continental System 1806-1812
  • In an attempt to crush the British economy,
    Napoleon ordered all European countries to stop
    trading with England. This was known as the
    Continental System.
  • Britain responded with Orders in Council,
    blockading European ports.
  • The navies of both sides seized neutral ships,
    especially American ship.
  • In the long run, France was hurt more by the
    Continental System than was England

14
The Peninsular Campaign (1808-1814)
  • Portugal refused to join the Continental System.
    In 1808, Napoleon decided to invade and force
    them to join
  • After defeating Portugal, Napoleon tried to
    conquer Spain and place his brother Joseph on the
    throne.
  • Intense Spanish nationalism led to savage
    guerilla warfare between the Spanish people and
    French troops
  • The campaign dragged on for 6 years.
  • More than 300,000 French soldiers died. These
    men would be needed later.
  • The Spanish success aroused Nationalism
    throughout Europe, and inspired subjected
    countries to fight back

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16
The Russian Campaign (1812)
  • Invade Russia to force them back into the
    Continental System
  • Started with 600,000 men. Largest in history
  • Russians retreated slowly as winter set in
  • Napoleons troops got caught in Moscow during
    winter and were forced to retreat
  • Most disastrous retreat in military history
  • By the end of the campaign only 10,000 men
    remained.
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