Title: Napoleon's Domination of Europe
1Napoleonic Europe
1795-1815
2Corsica
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4- In 1799, Napoleon stages a Coup d etat and forms
a new government The Consulate - He is named First Consul in a plebiscite
- In 1804 he holds a second plebiscite creating the
French Empire and becomes Emperor of France
5Coronation of Emperor Napoleon I (1804)
6Crowning of Empress Josephine
7Napoleons Domination of Europe
- After becoming emperor, Napoleon began preparing
an invasion of Great Britain - In 1805, the British declared war on France and
formed the Third Coalition - Two major battles decided the fate of this
Coalition. They were - The Battle of Cape Trafalgar
- The Battle of Austerlitz
8Battle of Cape Trafalgar October 21, 1805
- Napoleon planned to destroy the British navy and
invade England - A combined French and Spanish fleet lured the
British into a battle off the southern coast of
Spain - The British under Admiral Horatio Nelson
destroyed the fleet. However, Nelson was killed
in the battle - The defeat caused Napoleon to abandon plans to
invade Britain
Admiral Horatio Nelson
9Battle of Austerlitz (December 2, 1805)
- The Russians were forced to flee back to Poland
- The Austrians signed a treaty making them an ally
of France. - Napoleon broke up The Holy Roman Empire and
formed the Confederation of the Rhine. He added
it to his empire.
- Napoleon crushed a combined Austrian and Russian
Army at the small Austrian town of Austerlitz,
by luring them into a trap
10 Napoleons Defeat of Prussia
1806-1807
- After Napoleon created the Confederation of the
Rhine, the Prussians began to fear his plans for
the German territory - The Prussians decided to attack the French
unaided. Big Mistake! - French and Prussian forces met in two major
battles which gave Napoleon control of Western
Europe. They were - The Battle of Jena
- The Battle of Friedland
Arc de Triomphe, Paris Built in 1807 to
commemorate Napoleons victories
11Battle of Jena - 1806
- French forces crushed the Prussians and drove
them into Poland - The French captured and occupied Berlin
- Prussia retreated into Poland and joined the
Russian forces which had been defeated earlier at
Austerlitz - The new alliance planned to defeat Napoleon at
the Polish town of Friedland
12Battle of Friedland - (June 1807)
- Napoleon defeated a combined Russian and Prussian
Army Prussia became an ally of France - Napoleon created the Grand Duchy of Warsaw as a
buffer against Russia - Napoleon met with Russian Czar Alexander I and
signed the Peace of Tilsit which gave France
control of Western Europe and allowed Russia to
control Eastern Europe
13The Continental System 1806-1812
- In an attempt to crush the British economy,
Napoleon ordered all European countries to stop
trading with England. This was known as the
Continental System. - Britain responded with Orders in Council,
blockading European ports. - The navies of both sides seized neutral ships,
especially American ship. - In the long run, France was hurt more by the
Continental System than was England
14The Peninsular Campaign (1808-1814)
- Portugal refused to join the Continental System.
In 1808, Napoleon decided to invade and force
them to join - After defeating Portugal, Napoleon tried to
conquer Spain and place his brother Joseph on the
throne. - Intense Spanish nationalism led to savage
guerilla warfare between the Spanish people and
French troops - The campaign dragged on for 6 years.
- More than 300,000 French soldiers died. These
men would be needed later. - The Spanish success aroused Nationalism
throughout Europe, and inspired subjected
countries to fight back
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16The Russian Campaign (1812)
- Invade Russia to force them back into the
Continental System - Started with 600,000 men. Largest in history
- Russians retreated slowly as winter set in
- Napoleons troops got caught in Moscow during
winter and were forced to retreat - Most disastrous retreat in military history
- By the end of the campaign only 10,000 men
remained. -