Napoleon forges an empire

1
Napoleon forges an empire

• Chapter 23
• section 3

2
Key Terms

• Napoleon Bonaparte
• Coup detat
• Plebiscite
• Lycee
• Concordant
• Napoleonic Code
• Battle of Trafalgar

3
Hero of the Hour

• Napoleon a brilliant military leader
• Forced British troops out of Toulon
• Won a victory against Austria
• 1795 faced royalist mob in Paris
• Used artillery to disperse them

4
Hero of the Hour

• Directory place Napoleon in charge of French
  troops
• Troops not slowed down by supply train
• Took what they needed from the countryside
• Won battles against the Italians and Austrians
• Secured Frances borders

5
Hero of the Hour

• Napoleon turned his attention to Egypt
• 1798 Napoleon defeats Egypts Ottoman defenders
• Admiral Horatio Nelson- trapped and destroyed
  most French ships in the Battle of the Nile

6
Hero of the Hour

• Napoleon covered up his defeat
• Napoleon sailed home
• Left army in Egypt under another officer
• Exaggerated France's successes

7
Coup dEtat

• National hero decided to seize political power
• Directory had grown weak
• Armed supporters of Napoleon surrounded the
  Directory
• Voted Napoleon first Consul

8
Coup dEtat

• Coup d etat- a forced transfer of power
• A group of three consuls would replace the
  Directory
• Structure of the Republic still in place
• Napoleon had become dictator

9
Napoleon Rules France

• Why would France want a dictator, after
  overthrowing a king?
• French craved order and stability the Napoleon
  promised
• Napoleon pledged to uphold some of the
  revolutions reforms

10
Napoleon Rules France

• Plebiscite-a vote of the people to approve a new
  constitution
• 1804- did they want to declare France an empire
• Napoleon became Emperor Napoleon I
• Pope Pious VII came from Rome to crown him

11
Napoleon Crowns as Emperor

• As Pope was going to place the crown on
  Napoleon's head
• He grabbed it and put it on his own head
• Told the world no one gave Napoleon authority but
  himself

12
Restoring Order at Home

• Set up efficient tax collection
• Established a national banking system
• Dismissed corrupt government officials
• Lycees-government run public schools
• Open to all
• Appointment to public office on merit not family
  connections

13
Napoleon Creates an Empire

• Wanted to rule Europe and extend power to
  Americas
• Civil war in Haiti was a French defeat
• Napoleon sold the Louisiana territories to
  America to concentrate on Europe

14
Loss of American Territories

• Louisiana territory sold for 15 million
• Napoleon needed the money to finance European
  operations
• The sale assured forever the power of the United
  States
• Gave England a rival that will humble her pride

15
Conquering Europe

• Quest to conquer Europe
• France became a dominant power in Europe
• Napoleonic Wars lasted till 1815
• Great Britain was Frances worst enemy

16
Conquering Europe

• Napoleon annexed the Austrian Netherlands and
  parts of Italy
• Napoleon met his challenges with boldness
• Other armies could not predict his next move

17
Conquering Europe

• Organized coalitions against France
• Napoleon knew he had to defeat Great Britain
• 1805 England again defeats France in Battle of
  Trafalgar
• On Land Napoleon was more successful

18
Battle of Trafalgar

• 1805 off the coast of Spain
• Split the French fleet
• Captured many ships
• Destruction of French fleet
• Gave Britain naval supremacy for 100 years
• Force Napoleon to give up invading Britain

19
French Empire

• Took control of Europe through treaties and
  alliances
• Great Britain, Portugal, Sweden and Ottoman
  Empire not controlled
• Napoleon put relatives in power of conquered areas

20
French Empire

• His brothers ruled in Holland, Naples, and Sicily
• His sisters and stepsons held important positions

21
Reform of Church State Relations

• Many citizens despised the anti religious nature
  of the Revolution
• Napoleon made an agreement with the Pope
• Concordat-French citizens were Roman Catholic

22
Reform of Church Relations

• Recognized the influence of the Catholic Church
• Did not return control over national affairs

23
Economic Reforms

• Established the Bank of France
• Regulate the economy
• Set up efficient tax collection system
• Ensured government would not face hardships

24
Legal and Educational Reforms

• Created Napoleonic Code-laws uniform across the
  land
• Eliminated many injustices
• Promoted order and authority over rights
• Freedom of the press was restricted by censors

25
Legal and Educational Reforms

• Code only applied to male citizens
• Denied rights of women and allowed husbands to
  have authority over them
• Strong state depended on strong leaders in
  government and the military

26
Napoleons Legacy

• Napoleons action spread nationalism
• Nationalism-a sense of identity and unity as a
  people
• French people developed a new loyalty to France
  as a whole
• Nationalism spread to the conquered peoples