The Battle of Chancellorsville May 1-6 1863

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The Battle of ChancellorsvilleMay 1-6 1863

• Northern General Joseph Fighting Joe Hooker
• Troop Strength 134,000
• Southern General Robert E. Lee
• Troop Strength 58,900
• After Fredericksburg, Lincoln fires Burnside and
  replaces him with Hooker
• Lee decides to divide his army in two to confuse
  Hooker and surprise him

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Joseph Hooker
My plans are perfect, and when I start to carry
them out, may God have mercy on General Lee, for
I will have none,
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Robert E. Lee
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Lees Masterpiece

• Hooker thinks his army is safely positioned
• Stonewall Jacksons men surprise the Union troops
• Hooker is then hit with fragments from a porch
  and knocked unconscious
• He lost control of the army and ordered a
  withdrawal

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Friendly Fire

• On May 2nd 1863, Jackson left camp to scout the
  enemy position at night
• As he returned around 9pm, he was accidentally
  shot by his own men
• He was shot in left arm twice and once in the
  right hand

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Death of a General

• Jacksons left arm is amputated and he is close
  to death
• Stonewall Jackson dies on May 10th 1863 from
  pneumonia
• General Lee says, Jackson has lost his left arm
  and I my right.

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Let us cross over the river, and rest under the
shade of the trees.
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Rebel Victory

• Lees army again defeats the Union
• Hookers comment was, I just plain lost faith in
  Joe Hooker.
• Northern Casualties 17,278
• Southern Casualties 12,821
• Lincoln quote, My God, what will the country
  say?

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Shermans March to the SeaDecember to November
1864

• Northern General William Tecumseh Sherman
• Troop Strength - 75,000
• There was no Confederate army large enough to
  stop Sherman
• Sherman orders all people to leave Atlanta in 5
  days
• Sherman says, I will make Georgia howl.

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William Tecumseh Sherman
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Bad News for the South

• Shermans war strategy was to take the war to the
  Southern civilian
• Sherman proceeds to burn Atlanta to the ground
• Shermans army will then march toward Savannah,
  Georgia on the coast

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Devastation !!!!

• Shermans army will kill, burn and destroy
  everything in its path
• This path is 25-60 miles wide and 275 miles long

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Total War

• Confederates left only with Wheelers cavalry
  (14,000) no match for Shermans veteran army of
  62,000
• Two large columns under Howard and Slocum would
  reach Savannah on December 10, 1864
• Christmas Present to Lincoln

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Total War

• After Shermans army destroys Savannah he then
  turns north to South North Carolina
• South Carolina was to be dealt with particularly
  harshly
• Federal troops had particular hatred for South
  Carolina they started it!

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U. S. Grant

• The S is for SUPER

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Lieutenant General

• March 9, 1864 - Lincoln promoted Grant to Lt.
  general and General in Chief of the Armies
• General Halleck was made Chief of Staff
  (administrative, logistic, paperwork)to free up
  Grant to strategize overall strategy.
• Grants plan
• Grant v. Lee in East (VA)
• Sherman in West to sea then North

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The Forty Days

• Grant along same routes as Hooker and Meade
  through Wilderness around Chancellorsville
• General Butler up Yorktown peninsula toward
  Richmond from South
• Lee met Grant in Wilderness
• May 5-7, 1864 slugfest Grant v. Lee
• Lee wins decisively
• 17,666 Union casualties
• 7,800 Confederate casualties

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• Both Grants flanks had been turned
• Lee right in front of him ready to attack
• Grant was NOT Pope, Hooker, etc.
• He did NOT retreat
• Pulled out and moved toward Spotsylvania to flank
  Lee
• Lee anticipated and moved
• Grant killer arithmetician
• War of attrition North could replace losses /
  South could not

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