Battle of Bull Run

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(No Transcript)
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Civil War, 1861-65

• The following power point presentation was
  generated by the students in Mr. Houstons
  history classes at Harwich High School for review
  purposes.
• Sources Library of Congress, University of
  Virginia, Groliers Encyclopaedia, the White
  House website, Garratys American Nation, and the
  websites listed on the slides.

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http//www.civilwarhome .com/ftsumter.htm
Attack on Ft. Sumter, April 12, 1861
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Ft. Sumter

• Lincoln sent provisions to Ft. Sumter in April
  1861 the Confederates fired upon the fort before
  relief arrived.
• Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers.
• Four more slave states seceded from the Union
  VA, AK, TN, NC
• Both sides mobilize for war.

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General Winfield Scott
http//www.eden.com/atreides/winfield.htm
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Anaconda Plan

• General Winfield Scott proposes plan for Union
  victory
• 1-Blockade Southern Coast
• 2-Capture Mississippi River Valley
• 3-Divide and Conquer Georgia
• 4-Occupy Confederate Capital Richmond

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Union General Irvin McDowell
http//lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?cwar1./tem
p/ammem_GnCt
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First Battle of Bull Run

• July 1861, Union General Irvin McDowell attacked
  Confederate Pierre G.T. Beauregard at Bull Run
  near Manassas Junction, VA.
• Victory seemed sure for McDowell, until Thomas
  (Stonewall) Jackson turned the tide and sent
  McDowells troops fleeing back to Washington.
• Lincoln chose George McClellan to replace
  McDowell as commander of US Army of the Potomac.

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Thomas Stonewall Jackson
http//www.stonewalljackson.org/lifetimesframe.htm
l
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Aftermath of the First Battle of Bull Run
http//lcweb2.loc.gov /ammem/cwphome.html
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Financing the War

• War Bonds
• Paper Money Greenbacks
• Inflation
• Income Tax
• Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase

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Politics

• Democratic Party resistance in the North
• Copperheads
• Draft Riots
• Election campaigns 1862, 1864
• State authority hinders the Southern government
  of Jefferson Davis

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Homefront

• Economic Impact
• Role of Women
• US Sanitary Commission
• Medical Corps
• Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton

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Battle of Shiloh, near Pittsburg Landing, TN,
April, 1862
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Confederate Veteran of Battle of Shiloh, Pvt.
Sampson Altman, Jr.
http//memory.loc.gov/ ammem/cwphome.html
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Battle of Shiloh

• April 6, 1862 - Confederate General Albert S.
  Johnston attacks General William T. Shermans
  corps of U. S. Grants Union army.
• 1st day at Shiloh, Johnstons tactics drove Union
  army to the Tennessee River at Pittsburgh
  Landing, but Johnston was killed.
• 2nd day, Federal armies counterattacked.

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Battle of Shiloh
http//www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_ collection
/National_parks/shiloh_april6_7_1862.jpg
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Civil War, 1861-65

• The following power point presentation was
  generated by the students in Mr. Houstons
  history classes at Harwich High School for review
  purposes.
• Sources Library of Congress, University of
  Virginia, Groliers Encyclopaedia, the White
  House website, Garratys American Nation, and the
  websites listed on the slides.

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General Ulysses Grant
http//memory.loc. gov/ammem/cwp home.html
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Shiloh

• Shiloh, TN, 20 miles north of Corinth, MI
• South had the upper hand, until the Union brought
  in reinforcements by riverboat after dark on the
  first day.
• Grant was temporarily relieved of command, but
  Lincoln later restored him as the leader of the
  western army.

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Shiloh

• The battle at Shiloh was the bloodiest of the war
  to that point. In 2 days, more casualties were
  suffered than all the other battles America had
  fought up until that time in our history.
• Casualties Union - 13,000 Confederacy - 10,699

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Shiloh

• Grant forced Beauregard to retreat to Corinth,
  Mississippi, an important railroad center which
  the Union later captured.
• Simultaneously, the Union navy gained New Orleans
  under Farragut, and took control of other
  important western rivers.

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Pierre G. T. Beauregard
http//www.nps.gov/pete/mahan/edbiospb.html
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Union Commodore David Farragut captured New
Orleans, 1862
http//memory.loc.gov/cgi -bin/query/r?ammem/mcc
_at_field(DOCID_at_lit(mcc/051))
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Peninsular Campaign, Spring 1862

• General George McClellan attempted bypass of
  Confederate troops in northern Virginia by
  shifting his troops to the Yorktown Pennisular
  southeast of Richmond.
• Ironclad Naval Battle between the Confederate
  Merrimack and Union Monitor occurred as part of
  Union blockade actions.
• McClellan was slow to advance up the peninsular
  giving the Confederates time to respond.

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General George B. McClellan and his wife Ellen
Mary Marcy
http//lcweb2.loc.gov/ cgi-bin/query/D?cwar1 ./t
emp/ammem_Uom0
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1862 Troop Movements
http//occ.awlonline .com/bookbind /pubbooks/ garr
aty_awl/
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Union Camp on the Yorktown Peninsular, 1862
http//memory.loc.gov /ammem/cwphome.html
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McClellans Headquarters near Yorktown, VA, 1862
http//lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query /D?cwar3./te
mp/ammem_Uom0
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CSA General Joseph Johnston

• Wounded at Fair Oaks, VA
• Robert E. Lee appointed by Jefferson Davis to
  replace him.

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General Robert E. Lee took over command of
Confederate Army in 1862
http//lcweb2.loc.gov /ammem/cwpcap2.html
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Civil War, 1861-65

• The following power point presentation was
  generated by the students in Mr. Houstons
  history classes at Harwich High School for review
  purposes.
• Sources Library of Congress, University of
  Virginia, Groliers Encyclopaedia, the White
  House website, Garratys American Nation, and the
  websites listed on the slides.

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Confederate President Jefferson Davis
http//memory.loc.gov/cgi -bin/query/r?ammem/mcc
_at_field(DOCID_at_lit(mcc/051))
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Peninsular Campaign
http//memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphome.html

• Seven Days Battle near Richmond-Lee drives
  McClellan back Union retreated to Washington
• McClellan blames lack of reinforcements
• McClellan replaced by John Pope

Confederate Defenses in Yorktown
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Peninsular Campaign

• Marching to Richmond by way of the Yorktown
  Peninsular proved no easier than by way of
  Manassas Junction.
• Lee remains in command of the Army of Northern
  Virginia for the rest of the war.

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Second Battle of Bull Run, Manassas Junction, VA,
1862
http//memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphome.html
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Second Battle of Bull Run

• 13 months after the first failure of the Union at
  Bull Run.
• General Lee and Stonewall Jackson inflict
  another serious blow against the Union.
• The Union army under General John Pope was
  defeated and forced to retreat back to Washington
  DC.

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Union General John Pope
http//memory.loc.gov/cgi- bin/query/r?ammem/ mcc
_at_field (DOCID_at_lit(mcc/051))
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Second Battle of Bull Run
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Antietam - September, 1862

• After General John Pope was defeated at Second
  Bull Run Confederates take offensive invade
  Maryland.
• George McClellan restored to Command of Army.
• Battle on September 17, 1862 at Antietam Creek ,
  Sharpsburg, MD.

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Burnsides Bridge, Antietam
http//memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphome.html
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ANTIETAM

• General Lee wanted to bring the war to Union
  territory Lee divides forces.
• Invades union land trying to undermine political
  support for Union war effort.
• Sept. 17, 1862 Sharpsburg, MD, 22,000
  casualties, bloodiest dayin US history.

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Results of Antietam

• Battle forced Lee to retreat back to Virginia.
• Following Antietam, Lincoln declares slaves in
  Confederacy are free Emancipation Proclamation.
• McClellan fired by Lincoln because of his failure
  to follow up the victory.

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Antietam Creek Scene of
Battle
http//memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphome.html
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Lincoln and McClellan following the battle
of Antietam
http//memory.loc .gov/ammem/ cwphome.html
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Civil War, 1861-65

• The following power point presentation was
  generated by the students in Mr. Houstons
  history classes at Harwich High School for review
  purposes.
• Sources Library of Congress, University of
  Virginia, Groliers Encyclopaedia, the White
  House website, Garratys American Nation, and the
  websites listed on the slides.

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Emancipation Proclamation

• Sept. 22, 1862 Lincoln announced Emancipation
  Proclamation would take effect January 1, 1863.
• All slaves shall be, thenceforth, and forever
  free Lincoln.
• did not apply to the slaves on the border states
  which remained in the Union.
• Blacks volunteer for Union Army

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200,000 Black Troops Joined the
Union Army
http//www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/usct.html
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Fredericksburg, VADec., 1862 Confederate Victory
http//memory.loc.gov /ammem/cwphome.html
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Ambrose Burnside
http//www.nps.gov/pete/mahan/edbiosab.html
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http//www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/
National_parks/Fredricksburg_map.jpg
Chancellorsville
The Wilderness
Fredericksburg
Spotsylvania
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Fredericksburg, VA
http//www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/
National_parks/Fredricksburg_map.jpg
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Fredericksburg

• General Ambrose E. Burnside was the leader of the
  army at the Potomac had more than 120,000 men.
• Lee planned to block the Rappahannock River at
  Fredericksburg.
• Burnside had supply problems.
• This gave the advantage to Robert E. Lee.

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Fredericksburg

• Even though Lee had the advantage, Burnside still
  pursued the attack.
• Devastating casualties(9000) for Union army.
• Dec. 14 General Burnside retreated and General
  Joseph Hooker replaced him.

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Chancellorsville

• Union outnumbered Confederates 2 to 1
• Hooker delays his flanking attack allowing
  Stonewall Jackson to launch surprise attack for
  the Confederacy on May 2, 1863 at 6 p.m.
• Union General Hooker forced to retreat.
• Jackson accidentally killed by CSA troops.

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Chancellorsville
http//www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/
National_ parks/Fredricksburg_map.jpg
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Chancellorsville

• Hooker should have attacked earlier but lost
  surprise.
• Hooker retreated on May 5 with the loss of
  12,000 soldiers.
• General George Meade replaced Hooker.

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Hooker and Stonewall Jackson
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Civil War, 1861-65

• The following power point presentation was
  generated by the students in Mr. Houstons
  history classes at Harwich High School for review
  purposes.
• Sources Library of Congress, University of
  Virginia, Groliers Encyclopaedia, the White
  House website, Garratys American Nation, and the
  websites listed on the slides.

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Gettysburg, PA, July, 1863
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Link to Photo of Devils Den
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Gettysburg Little Round Top
http//memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphome.html
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Gettysburg, July 1, 2, 3, 1863

• General John Reynolds slowed the Confederate
  offensive on town of Gettysburg on the first day
  allowing the US to hold the high ground for the
  rest of the battle. Reynolds was killed during
  the battle
• Confederates assaulted Union lines for three days
  before Lee was forced to retreat back down to
  Virginia

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Gettysburg

• Lee was overconfident after the Second Day
  advances on Culps Hill and the Little Round
  Top. He believed that one final push on the Union
  Lines would bring victory.
• Confederate Picketts charge on Third Day failed
  to drive Union off Cemetery Ridge. Meade could
  have annihilated Confederate forces but he did
  not follow the retreating CSA.

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Meade and Lee
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http//memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphome.html
Vicksburg, MI, July, 1863
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Last Confederate Stronghold on the Mississippi
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Vicksburg

• Grant placed back in charge of Western forces.
• Vicksburg was the last Confederate stronghold on
  the Mississippi River.
• Grant had circled around from South to capture
  Jackson, Mississippi.
• May 22, 1863-July 4, 1863 Union besieges
  Vicksburg, Mississippi.

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Shermans March to the Sea

• September 1864 William T. Sherman invaded
  Georgia.
• March to the sea ends in Savannah, 300 miles.
• destroyed CSA railroads terrorized civilians
  burned Atlanta.
• make Georgia howl with total war.
• Confederate Johnston unsuccessful in opposition.

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Union General William T. Sherman
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Confederate General Joseph Johnston
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Wilderness and Spotsylvannia

• Early in May of 1864 Grant heads south towards
  Richmond. Lee blocks his advance. During the
  battle the forest caught on fire hundreds die in
  the flames.
• Battle forces Grant to move by the left flank.
  Grant continued his offensive by shifting East
  and South to bypass Lee. Lee blocks him again at
  Spotsylvania.

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Civil War, 1861-65

• The following power point presentation was
  generated by the students in Mr. Houstons
  history classes at Harwich High School for review
  purposes.
• Sources Library of Congress, University of
  Virginia, Groliers Encyclopaedia, the White
  House website, Garratys American Nation, and the
  websites listed on the slides.

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Casualty at the Bloody Angle at Spotsylvannia
http//lcweb2.loc .gov/pnp/cwp /4a39000/ 4a39500/
4a39576r.jpg
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http//lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/cwp/ 4a40000/4a40200/4a4
0252r.jpg
Freed Slaves bury the Union dead at Cold Harbor,
VA
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Cold Harbor and Petersburg

• After losing 7000 men in 7 minutes at Cold
  Harbor, VA, Grant moves to the south of Richmond
  to block the Railroad center into the Confederate
  capital.
• Petersburg, VA under siege trench warfare.
• Union forces cut rail connections. Lee
  immobilized by Grants forces
• Lee forced to abandon Richmond April 65

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Appomattox Court House

• April 9 Lee and Grant met at the Appomattox Court
  House.
• They talked briefly of the war, then acting on
  Lincolns instructions Grant outlined his terms.
• Grant required the Confederate soldiers to lay
  down their arms, then they could return home in
  peace.

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Grant and Lee, 1864-65
Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox
Courthouse, VA
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Appomattox Court House, 1865

• Lee said his men could profit from keeping their
  possessions, so Grant allowed them to do so.
• Small town in Virginia east of Lynchburg April
  9, 1865.
• Lee was surrounded by Gen. Grant.
• This surrender was enough to end the Confederacy
  and the U.S. Civil War.

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Grant and Lee
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COSTS PROSPECTS

• The war costs almost 700,000 lives, nearly as
  many as all other American wars combined.
• The war caused enormous property losses,
  especially in the Confederacy.
• The war produced examples of charity,
  self-sacrifice,and devotion to duty as well.

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COSTS PROSPECTS

• Slavery was dead, and people saw the U.S. as a
  single nation with a centralized government.
• A more technically advanced and productive
  economic system came out of the war although the
  South lagged behind.