THE CIVIL WAR

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THE CIVIL WAR

• The Union Dissolves
• Chapter 11
• Section 1

2
Crittenden Compromise

• As a last ditch compromise, Sen. Crittenden
  proposed drawing the Missouri Compromise line to
  the Pacific.
• Lincoln rejected this since it would expand
  slavery

3
Confederate States

• The South was excited about forming their new
  country
• They held rallies and shot off fireworks.

4
Secession
5
Southern Secession

• Lincoln believed that it was illegal to secede
  from the Union
• If a state had to apply for admittance, he
  thought states should also have to ask for
  permission to leave.

6
Fort Sumter

• Located at the mouth of the Charleston harbor,
  the South wanted to keep this strategic fort
• Lincoln would not allow the South to take federal
  property

7
Fort Sumter

• When the fort ran low of supplies, Lincoln
  alerted the SC governor that unarmed supply ships
  would be entering the port
• Confederate soldiers fired upon the fort for 34
  hours.

8
Fort Sumter

• Union Major Anderson surrendered on April 14,
  1861
• Lincoln asked the Union states to provide troops
• They were asked to enlist for just 3 months

9
Choosing Sides

• Southern states that had not yet seceded had to
  decide what to do
• Virginia actually split in two
• Once war broke out, many men had to decide for
  which cause to fight
• Families separated over the war

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Advantages/Disadvantages

• North

• South

• 9 million incl 3.5 million slaves
• Few factories
• 9,000 miles of track
• Trained leaders
• Little money
• Fighting on own land
• Defensive war

• 22 million people
• 85 manufacturing
• 22,000 miles of track
• Lacked generals
• Many resources
• Supplies carried into enemy territory

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Advantages/Disadvantages

• North

• South

• Pig iron in VA only
• 110,000 workers
• 1,800 factories
• Few firearms

• 20 Xs more pig iron
• 1,300,000 workers
• 110,000 factories
• 32 Xs firearms

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Resources of the North and South
13
Robert E. Lee

• Perhaps the biggest southern advantage was Gen.
  Robert E. Lee
• Asked by Lincoln to lead the Union Army, Lee
  refused to turn his back on his home, Virginia

14
Filling the Ranks

• At the beginning of the war in 1861, the Northern
  Army more than twice as large as the Southern
  Army
• Men had to pledge that they were over the age of
  18 to fight, but boys as young as 9 acted as
  drummer boys

15
Filling the Ranks

• The South enacted legislation to prevent large
  landowners from leaving their plantations (and
  slaves) to fight.
• This left most of the ranks filled with poor
  farmers.

16
Strategies

• The South took their cue from the success of the
  American Revolution and chose to fight a
  defensive war, wearing the North down until they
  gave up.

Stars and Bars
17
Strategies

• The North had a 3 pronged approach called the
  Anaconda Plan
• Block southern ports to all imports/exports
• Control the Mississippi River splitting
  the confederacy in two
• Take Richmond, the confederate capital

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Anaconda Plan
19
1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas

• Most Civil War battles are called by 2 different
  names
• The North named the battle after the nearest
  river
• The South named the battle after the nearest town
• The first battle of the war was near the town of
  Manassas and Bull Run River

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1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas

• The North (in blue) and South (in grey) met on a
  clearing in northern Virginia
• Confederate General Thomas
  Stonewall Jackson routed
  the Yankee army, causing
  them to run in fear
• They trampled picnickers who had gathered to
  watch the battle.

21
1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas

• Northern troops, according to legend, commented
  that Gen. Jackson sat upon his horse like a
  stone wall
• The nickname stuck
• The southern victory assured the
  South that this would be a quick war fought
  against inferior troops
• They were wrong on both accounts

22
1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas

• The first civilian casualty occurred at Bull Run.
• Judith Henry, was
  killed by a cannon
  ball as she laid in
  bed

23
1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas

• Wilmer McCleans home was on the battlefield at
  Bull Run
• He wanted to get
  away from the warfare and
  moved to a small town in
  southern Virginia, Appomattox Court House

24
Union Leadership

• Lincoln chose Irwin McDowell to lead the Unions
  Army of the Potomac.
• He was replaced 3 days after his defeat at Bull
  Run with Gen. George McClellan

25
Union Leadership

• McClellan meets Gen, R. E. Lee at the Peninsular
  Campaign
• His was nicknamed the Creeper because he was so
  hesitant to attack, always
  fearing he was out-numbered

26
Union Leadership

• After 5 months of fighting, McClellan withdrew
  even though he out-numbered and out-powered the
  confederate army
• One of his men found Lees plans wrapped around
  some cigars.
• He had the plans for the next battle at Antietam
  Creek

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Antietam Creek

• Even with the plans, McClellans hesitancy costs
  him the battle
• He could never break through Confederate lines
• It was the bloodiest single day of the Civil war
  with about 22,000 dead and wounded.

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Victory in the West

• While the North was losing badly in
  the east, Gen. Ulysses S.
  Grant was winning decisive victories along
  the Mississippi River.
• After the battle at Ft. Henry he earned the
  nickname of Unconditional Surrender because he
  refused to speak of terms of surrender with the
  South

29
Shiloh/Pittsburg Landing

• The South surprised Union troops at Shiloh on
  April 6, 1862
• Their rebel yell was eerie
• As they ran in retreat, they met Union
  reinforcements
• Under Gen. Grant, they regrouped
• It ended in a draw with almost 25,000 casualties
  in the 2 day battle.

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Admiral Farragut

• As part of the Anaconda Plan, Gen. Farragut took
  the navy up the mouth of the Mississippi River
• He took New Orleans and Baton Rouge, cutting the
  Confederacy in half.

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1861-1862
32
Filling the Ranks

• The North allowed Blacks to enlist but did not
  allow them to fight
• By 1863, after the Emancipation Proclamation,
  pressure was on to allow Black units to train and
  fight.
• They were killed in greater numbers and paid less
  for their efforts

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Filling the Ranks

• Wealthy people, in both North and South, could
  pay a substitute to take their place in the Army.
• Conscription, forced service, was first used in
  the South.
• The North began conscription in 1862

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Filling the Ranks

• Slaves could not help the southern army fight but
  were used for manual labor.
• The Civil War was called, a rich mans war but a
  poor mans fight.

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Filling the Ranks

• Conscription was so resisted in the North, riots
  broke out
• It became especially violent after the
  Emancipation Proclamation.

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Filling the Ranks

• Desertion was a common problem on both sides,
  with over 300,000 soldiers leaving their troops
• Because states offered a signing bonus, many men
  enlisted, deserted, enlisted someplace else,
  deserted,

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Filling the Ranks

• By the end of the war, the South was so short of
  men they openly enlisted young boys.

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Filling the Ranks

• Women could not openly enlist but some disguised
  themselves as men and fought the entire war.
• Others became spies, nurses, and cooks

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Filling the Ranks

• Elizabeth Blackwell, Americas first female
  physician, helped run the US Sanitary Commission
• Clara Barton tended to the wounded and founded
  the American Red Cross.

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Filling the Ranks

• Although hundreds of men and women tended to the
  sick and injured, more soldiers died from illness
  and infection than of battle wounds.

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Filling the Ranks

• More often, women took over mens civilian jobs
  while they were gone to war.

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Generals of the Army of the Potomac

• Irwin McDowell 1861
• George McClellan 1861
• John Pope 1861
• George McClellan 1862
• Ambrose Burnside 1862
• Ulysses S. Grant 1863-1865

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The Civil War

• Politics of War
• Chapter 11
• Section 2

46
Britains Neutrality

• The South was depending on Britain and/or France
  to come to their aid and renew the cotton trade
• Britain found other sources for cotton and
  stockpiled surpluses before the war began

47
Britains Neutrality

• Food crops, wheat and corn from the North, had
  replaced cotton as Americas most important
  exports
• For these reasons, Britain chose to remain
  neutral in the war between the states.

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Trent Affair

• Shortly after the war began, the Confederates
  (Rebels) sent 2 diplomats to Britain to ask for
  their support
• James Mason and John Slidell traveled on the
  British ship, Trent
• The Union warship, San Jacinto, stopped and
  boarded the Trent

49
Trent Affair

• Mason and Slidell were arrested
• Britain took this as an act of war and moved
  troops to Canada for a possible war with the
  Union
• Lincoln averted war by pardoning the men

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Emancipation

• Lincolns original strategy did not involve
  freeing slaves
• After 1862, he realized that slaves aided the
  Southern cause by providing labor
• He used this to change the purpose of the war
  from preserving the Union to also freeing the
  slaves

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Emancipation

• Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation,
  freeing all slaves in the seceded states (not
  occupied or border states)
• It also prevented
  all European
  countries who had abolished
  slavery from aiding the
  South.

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British cotton consumption increased but they did
not rely on the South for production
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Emancipation

• Lincoln did not want to issue the proclamation
  publicly until the North had a successful battle
• He used the Battle at Antietam (the bloodiest
  battle of the war) as his win
• It took effect Jan. 1, 1863

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Emancipation Reaction

• Not everyone was happy with the decision to free
  the slaves.
• Northern Democrats thought it would make the war
  longer
• Some soldiers deserted, refusing to fight for
  this cause

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Emancipation Reaction

• The South renewed their effort to save their way
  of life
• The Emancipation Proclamation had no effect on
  slaves
• Free northern blacks enlisted in the Union army,
  but served as laborers, not soldiers
• Slaves provided the same type of labor for the
  South

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Lincoln Takes Charge

• Lincoln sent Union troops and occupied the border
  states from the beginning of the war
• He also suspended habeas corpus, legal authority
  to detain a person
• Confederate sympathizers in the North were
  arrested and telegrams were seized

57
Lincoln Takes Charge

• Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney said
  that Lincoln had overstepped his
  authority, but he continued to use his
  presidential powers to the fullest
  extent
• Setting a precedent, all wartime presidents have
  taken Lincolns lead to protect the American
  people

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Copperheads

• Anti-war Democrats were called copperheads a
  deadly, venomous snake

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Conscription

• In 1862 and 1863 the Confederacy and the Union
  respectively instituted conscription, military
  draft
• The South recruited all able white men over 18
  (17 by 1864 but they took even younger)
• Large slave holders and the wealthy did not serve

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Conscription

• The South called it a rich mans war and a poor
  mans fight
• The Union recruited young men 20-45 although
  younger men enlisted
• Blacks, free and slave, were used as cooks, for
  construction and heavy labor

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Conscription

• Both sides allowed wealthy men to pay
  commutation,
• Bonuses were paid for Union soldiers who
  enlisted, some enlisting numerous times,
  collecting the bonus money, deserting, and
  enlisting again

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Conscription

• In New York City the Irish rioted over
  conscription, burning an orphanage for black
  children
• 117 people were killed
• The Irish did not condone slavery but did not
  want the added competition for jobs

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As 1862 Ends

• The ironclads appear
• Both sides made ships made of
  iron, capable of repelling cannon balls
  and fire
• The Monitor, a new ship, fought the Merrimac, now
  called The Virginia, fought for 5 hours tied
• The Merrimac was sunk to prevent it going into
  Northern hands

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The Civil War

• Chapter 11
• Section 3
• Life During Wartime

65
Mary Chesnut

• Mary Chesnuts diary is frequently referred to
  when researching civilian life during the Civil
  War.

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Black Troops

• African American soldiers never fought for the
  South, but their slave labor was used by southern
  soldiers
• The North also
  used African American
  labor
• That changed after the
  Emancipation Proclamation.

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Black Troops

• The Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves in
  the non-occupied states, which mean it freed none
• But it also meant that Blacks joined the northern
  army and fought against the South
• The South refused to return any
  Black prisoner - contraband

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Black Troops

• Black troops fought in segregated units led by
  white officers
• They were paid less than white soldiers

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Black Troops

• They died in greater numbers but not because they
  were assigned to more dangerous job.
• Working in close proximity to one another, they
  caught diseases
• They were more likely to
  be killed when captured
  rather than taken as
  prisoner/contraband

70
Fort Pillow

• Over 200 African American and some white soldiers
  were killed after they surrendered
  to Southern troops
• Nathan Bedford Forrest led the
  slaughter
• After the war he and others form
  the Ku Klux Klan

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Fort Pillow

• Over 200 African American and some white soldiers
  were killed after they surrendered to Southern
  troops
• Nathan Bedford Forrest led the slaughter
• After the war he
  and others form
  the Ku Klux Klan

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Slave Resistance

• As northern troops neared plantations, the slaves
  gained strength and
• Broke tools
• Joined the
  troops
• Neglected the
  livestock

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War Affects the Economy

• The South began to run out of men, food and
  supplies not soon after the war began
• They printed so much currency that it had little
  value
• The Northern blockade effectively stopped
  Southern trade with Europe

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War Affects the Economy

• Most of the fighting took place in the Shenandoah
  Valley, the Southern food production area
• Lee took his troops to Gettysburg, PA to try to
  shift the damage to northern states during the
  growing season.
• He failed

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Why Printing Money is Bad

• Currency, as paper, has no value
• Generally we accept the face value on currency to
  be worth something
• If more paper is printed, we want more of it for
  goods
• Inflation occurs when there is too much
  money in the economy

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Shortages of Everything

• Some Southerners traded with the North
• Cotton and food supplies exchanged hands

77
Northern Economy

• The North suffered but not nearly as bad as the
  South
• Inflation was worse in the North 80 by the end
  of the war
• Industries that supplied the military boomed
• Machinery took the place of workers drafted into
  the GAR

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Women in the Workplace

• Women took on many of the jobs and duties of the
  men who left to fight
• They were paid less, one of many ways business
  owners made tremendous profits during the war
• Northerners paid the first income tax to pay for
  the war

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Soldiers Suffer

• Soldiers rations included hardtack, beans, bacon
  fat and, if lucky, a few bones from which to suck
  the marrow
• They had ticks, lice, dysentery, and diarrhea on
  a regular basis due to poor hygiene

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Medical Care

• A doctors kit looked more like it would be more
  useful in a episode of Home Make Over

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Medical Care

• Body wounds were ignored and the person was left
  to die
• Good surgeons could remove a limb in 1 minute
• They usually
  used ether to
  sedate the
  patient

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Medical Care

• Scalpels, saws and pliers were the doctors main
  tools

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Medical Care

• Once soldiers received care, the worst was to
  come
• Not knowing about germs and bacteria, doctors and
  nurses regularly examined wounds without washing
  between patients
• Gangrene, staph and other infections passed from
  man to man

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Medical Care

• Surgery was usually done outdoors

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Medical Care

• For every soldier that died on
  the battlefield, 2 died in
  the wartime hospitals
• Women served the military as nurses
• Clara Barton, founder of the Red Cross, and Sally
  Tompkins helped improve medical care

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Medical Care

• Many men did not think it appropriate for women
  to see men in such poor condition
• Dorthea Dix required
  that all
  nurses be
  plain looking
  and be at least
  30 years old

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Prisoners

• Until the Union began using black soldiers, both
  sides regularly exchanged soldiers rather than
  keep them in camps
• When the Confederacy refused to swap black
  soldiers, the North stopped the exchange program
• Neither side was equipped to keep thousands of
  prisoners

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Prison Camps

• Both sides treated their captives terribly
• Ft. Delaware and Elmira prisons in the North and
  Libby and Andersonville prisons in the South saw
  mortality rates over 25
• Poor nutrition and poor hygiene led to scurvy,
  dysentery and other fatal diseases

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Prison Camps

• Union camp at Point Lookout, MD

• Built to hold 10,000, it had almost 50,000
  Confederate troops
• 4,000 died

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Andersonville Prison, GA

• Henry Wirz was placed in charge of the camp at
  Andersonville
• Built to handle
  10,000,
  it eventually had
  over 33,000
  prisoners
• Their only water was a stream which ran through
  where the horses grazed, filled with manure

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Andersonville Prison, GA

• There were no buildings to house prisoners, only
  tents and lean-tos
• Guards, some as young as 12, surrounded the camp
  on watchtowers
• Anyone who got near the
  fence, the dead
  zone, was
  shot immediately

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Andersonville Prison, GA

• Although he camp was operational for less than a
  year, over 12,000 died

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Andersonville Prison

• Survivors were transferred from the camp to other
  camps in the South

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Andersonville Prison

• The Commandant, Henry Wirz, was tried for war
  crimes in 1865
• The North really wanted him to provide
  information about Gen. Lee and Pres. Davis
• He did not

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Andersonville Prison

• Wirz was hung in Washington DC

• After his death, he was treated as a martyr

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The Civil War

• Chapter 11
• Section 4
• The North Takes Charge

97
1863

• In 1863, the war shifted in favor of the North
• Gen. Grant leads Army of the Potomac
• Important victories in the East
• Total war
• South will not receive help from Europe
• War of attrition

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Chancellorsville

• As Lees troops moved to northern Virginia,
  Stonewall Jackson stopped for 9 days to visit his
  wife and infant daughter
• He would be dead in 3 weeks by his own men

Statue of Jackson at Bull Run
Gravesite of Jackson
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The Civil War

• Chapter 11
• Section 5
• The Legacy of War

100
The War Ends

• With the end of the war changes will affect
• The economy
• Social structure
• Labor market
• Politics
• Technology

101
Political Changes

• The federal government assumed control over the
  seceded states and no state has seceded again
• The war increased the power of the federal
  government and the president

102
Political Changes

• The war increased the power of the federal
  government and the president
• Income tax
• Suspending habeas corpus
• Regulated currency paper
• Conscription requirement

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Economic Changes

• The federal government took additional
  responsibility for subsidizing railroads
• National Bank Act, 1863, which chartered banks,
  set requirements for loans and required banks to
  be inspected

104
Economic Changes

• Conscription caused a labor shortage in the
  North, filled by machines
• Northern industries had to re-focus to compete in
  a peacetime economy

105
Economic Changes

• The South lost its labor force and trading
  partners
• Since most of the fighting took place in the
  South, land was destroyed, livestock wiped-out
  and their railroads

106
Economic Changes

• The economic gap between North and South was
  wider than before the war began
• 1860 the South controlled 30 of the nations
  wealth
• 1870 the South controlled 12 of the nations
  wealth

107
Economic Changes
108
Economic Changes

• No part of society was untouched

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Societal Changes

• Slavery is over
• Congress passed the 13th Amendment outlawing
  slavery
• Matthew Brady chronicled the war with hundreds of
  photos, beginning photojournalism

110
Societal Changes

• Jefferson Davis was arrested, tried and found not
  guilty
• He lived to be an old man
• Lee lost his family home when Montgomery Meigs
  turned it into Arlington National Cemetery

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Societal Changes

• Lee went on to become the president of Washington
  University, now Washington and Lee
• Clara Barton took her war experience and founded
  the Red Cross
• Grant was elected president in 1868.

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Lincoln Assassinated

• Lincoln and his wife, Mary Todd,
  went to Fords Theater to see
  My American Cousin
• John Wilkes Booth shot him in
  the back of the head
• He died within hours

113
Lincoln Assassinated

• His body was taken by train to his gravesite in
  Springfield, IL

114
John Wilkes Booth
Booth and conspirators were captured, tried and
hung
115
Andrew Johnson

• This was the first time a vice president assumed
  the presidency because of death
• Johnson was sworn in as the countrys 17th
  president
• Lincolns plans for reconstruction die with him

116
Comparisons

• Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846.
  John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946.
  Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860.
  John F. Kennedy was elected President in 1960.

117
Comparisons

• The names Lincoln and Kennedy each contain seven
  letters.
• Both were particularly concerned with civil
  rights.
• Both wives lost their children while living in
  the White House.
• Both Presidents were shot on a Friday.

118
Comparisons

• Both were shot in the head.
• Lincoln's secretary, Kennedy, warned him not to
  go to the theatre. Kennedy's secretary, Lincoln,
  warned him not to go to Dallas.
• Both were assassinated by Southerners.

119
Comparisons

• Both were succeeded by Southerners.
• Both successors were named Johnson.
• Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born
  in 1808. Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy,
  was born in 1908.

120
Comparisons

• John Wilkes Booth was born in 1839. Lee Harvey
  Oswald was born in 1939.
• Both assassins were known by their three names.
• Both names are comprised of fifteen letters

121
Comparisons

• Booth ran from the theater and was caught in a
  warehouse. Oswald ran from a warehouse and was
  caught in a theater.
• Booth and Oswald were assassinated before their
  trials.

122
Comparisons

• Both successors were named Johnson.
• Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born
  in 1808. Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy,
  was born in 1908.
• Lincoln was shot in the Ford Theatre and Kennedy
  was shot while in a Ford Lincoln.

123
Chancellorsville

• Lee met Gen. Hooker at Chancellorsville, VA
• The North was outmaneuvered by Lee
• BTW The term hooker comes from the large
  number of women who followed Hooker from battle
  to battle Hookers girls

124
Gettysburg

• Gen. Lee and Gen. A.P.
  Hill headed north for 2 reasons
• They wanted to divert the fighting from the
  Shenandoah Valley and Hills troops needed shoes
• They met Union troops, under Gen. Meade, at
  Gettysburg, PA

125
Gettysburg

• The 3 day battle was costly for both sides.
• Picketts Charge up Little Round Top was little
  better than a suicide mission
• After 3 days
• 23,000 Union casualties
• 28,000 Confederate casualties

126
Gettysburg

• Lee retreated, never to enter the North again
• The Union victory at Gettysburg was the turning
  point of the war
• They will continue to win important victories
  until the South capitulates

127
Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863

• Dead men and horses began to rot in the summer
  heat, drawing flies, rodents and other carrion
• The smell carried to
  the town of
  Gettysburg
• The towns women
  took on the task of
  burying the dead

128
Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863

• Southern soldiers were separated at buried in
  shallow graves away from town
• Union soldiers were divided by state and buried
  in a series of
  semi-circles

129
Gettysburg Address, Nov 1863

• Lincoln came to dedicate the cemetery
• He was the 2nd speaker that day, speaking for
  only about 2 minutes

130
Gettysburg Address, Nov 1863

• He used the speech to re-focus attention to the
  Declaration of Independence all men are
  created equal

131
Siege of Vicksburg 1863

• The summer of 1863 saw another important Union
  victory in the west, Vicksburg MS

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Siege of Vicksburg 1863

• Vicksburg is an overlook on the Mississippi River
• It was one of the last areas that prevented the
  Union from controlling the entire river and
  successfully dividing the South
• Grant laid siege to the town, firing into it for
  hours each day

133
Siege of Vicksburg 1863

• The mostly women, elderly and children in the
  town sought refuge in the caves along the river
• Their food supply gone, they ate dogs, horses,
  mules and rats before surrendering the day after
  the victory at Gettysburg, July 4

134
Conditions in the South, 1863

• The South was quickly running out of men, arms,
  food, uniforms and other necessary supplies
• They hoped that a long war would cause the North
  to stop fighting
• The Gettysburg Address made it very clear that
  the North was not giving up

135
Conditions in the South, 1863

• Southerners were asked to grow food crops rather
  than cash crops
• Rebels deserted in greater numbers
• Jefferson Davis and the Confederate Constitution
  left little room to lead effectively

136
Ulysses S. Grant

• Lincoln, having gone 5 generals in 2 years,
  appointed Grant
• He fought a war of attrition killing Southern
  soldiers that
  could not be
  replaced
• It meant that he also
  suffered from heavy losses

137
Ulysses S. Grant

• Grant confers with Gen. Meade

138
Gen. Sherman

• Grant appointed William Tecumseh Sherman to lead
  the Union Army in the deep South
• He believed in total war attacking civilians
  since they supplied
  goods for the
  southern war effort

139
Grant v. Lee

• Grants war of attrition was devastating to the
  southern army
• Grant knew that he could replace each of his dead
  soldiers, the South could not

140
Shermans March to the Sea

• Gen. Sherman took his troops from Tennessee,
  through Atlanta, to Savannah
• His men burned a path up to 60 miles wide, burned
  crops, poisoned wells, killed livestock and
  turned railroad ties into
  Shermans neckties

141
Shermans March to the Sea

• Sherman sent news to Lincoln in December, 1864
  that his Christmas gift to the president was the
  city of Savannah
• Then he turned north to help Grant defeat Lee

142
Election 1864

• Democrats Gen. McClellan
• Republicans Pres. Lincoln
• Democrats were tired of war, the costs, and death
• Republicans looked for a candidate who would
  appeal to Democrats, Andrew Johnson

143
Election 1864

• Johnson was a Southerner who never owned slaves
• He was raised extremely poor, resenting the
  planter class
• He looked down upon the slave class

144
Election 1864

• Other candidates

145
Election 1864

• Lincoln needed a few victories before the
  election or he felt he would use.
• Shermans sacking of Atlanta and Farraguts
  control of the Mississippi River accomplished
  that
• Absentee ballots from the Union army put Lincoln
  over the top

146
1860 1865

• The war took its toll on Lincoln

147
Appomattox Court House

• In April 1865, Lee knew he had no choice but to
  surrender
• His men begged him not to do this, but he replied
  that it would only kill them all if he continued
  to fight

148
Fall of Richmond

• Jefferson Davis set fire to Richmond to prevent
  Grant from occupying it

149
Appomattox Court House

• Lee said, There is nothing left me to do but to
  go and see General Grant, and I would rather die
  a thousand deaths. April 9, 1865
• Grant was generous with his terms of surrender,
  allowing the rebels to take their animals and
  personal items with them

150
Appomattox Court House

• The Union band played Dixie as the men marched
  away

Wilmer McLeans home in Appomattox Courthouse The
surrender agreement was signed in his parlor