Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War

1
Chapter 21 The Furnace of Civil War

• AP History

2
1ST BATTLE OF BULL RUN

• A Union army of 30,000 men drilled near
  Washington. Ill prepared to fight
• Lincoln called for an attack on the smaller
  Confederate force _at_ Bull Run
• Hopefully, they could take Richmond
• Read pages 435-436

3
1ST BATTLE OF BULL RUN

• Significant psychological and political
  consequences
• Victory was worse than defeat for the South.
• Southern enlistment fell sharply
• Preparations for a protracted war slackened
• Defeat was better than victory for the North.
• Illusions for a short war ended.
• Started preparing for a prolonged war

4
PENINSULA CAMPAIGN

• 1861- George MacClellan was given command of the
  Army of the Potomac- Pgs 436-437
• Peninsula Campaign-May, 1862 (page 437)
• MacClellan and 100,000 troops inched towards
  Richmond
• Stonewall Jackson- put Washington DC in jeopardy
• Jeb Stuart harassed MacClellan
• Seven Days Battle- June 26, July 2- Lees smaller
  force attacked MacClellans troops
• Lee defeats MacClellan
• Page 437

5
(No Transcript)
6
NEW UNION STRATEGY

• The Union turns to TOTAL WAR!
• New Union Strategy
• Slowly suffocate the South by blockading its
  coasts
• Liberate the slaves- destroy southern economy
• Take control of the Mississippi, cutting the
  Confederacy in half
• Chop the Confederacy to pieces- Take Georgia and
  the Carolinas
• Take Richmond
• Try everywhere to engage the enemys main
  strength and grind it to submission
• The war at Sea- 438-440

7
The Pivotal Point Antietam

• Lincoln fired MacClellan and replaced him with
  General John Pope
• Lee defeats Pope at the Second Battle of Bull
  Run- Aug. 1862
• Lincoln re-instates MacClellan
• Robert E. Lee marches his troops into Maryland
• Hoped to gain foreign recognition
• Seduce the border states away from the Union
• Battle of Antietam- Sept 17, 1862- Single
  bloodiest day of the war

8
The Pivotal Point Antietam

• MacClellan had found a copy of Lees plans
• Read pages 440-441
• MacClellan was again replaced
• Sept. 23, 1862- Emancipation Proclamation
• Confederacy lost any chance of gaining foreign
  support

9
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

• Where he could he would not, and where he would
  he could not.
• Its Effects
• Thousands of slaves ran away- one in seven
• Strengthened the moral cause at home and abroad
• No chance for diplomacy- Fight to the finish
• Opposition in the North mounted
• Abolitionist- not far enough/Butternut-Border
  states- went too far
• South- Outcry of Injustice
• Europe- Ultimate doom of slavery- any chance of
  European aid ended
• BLACKS BATTLE BONDAGE- 443-444

10
LEE AT GETTYSBURG

• After Antietam Burnside replace McClellan
• Dec. 13, 1862- Fredricksburg- Burnside slaughter
  Pen
• Hooker replaces Burnside
• Chancellorsville- May 2-4, 1863- Jackson killed
• Meade replaces Hooker
• Lee Prepares to attack Pennsylvania
• Pages 445-446

11
Three Days At Gettysburg

•  

Federal Confederate
Engaged 85-88,000 70-75,000
Killed 3,155 3,903
Wounded, and Mortally Wounded 14,529 18,735
Missing 5,365 5,425
Total Losses 23,049 28,063
12
THE WAR IN THE WEST
13
THE WAR IN THE WEST

• Grants first victory came in northern Tennessee
• Brought Kentucky more securely into the North
• Shiloh- April 6-7, 1862
• Union victory- No quick end to the war in the
  West
• Read Page 448
• Spring of 1862- David Farragut takes N.O.

14
THE WAR IN THE WEST

• July 4, 1863- Grant takes Vicksburg
• Spinal cord of the Confederacy was now severed
• News of Vicksburg and Gettysburg reached
  Washington at the same time
• Lessened the Northern peace agitation
• Caused massive economic pain to the Confederacy
• Diplomatic gain

15
SHERMAN SCORCHES GEORGIA

• November, 1863- Grant takes Chattanooga,
  Tennessee was now in the hands of the Union
• Lincoln puts Grant in charge of the Army of the
  Patomac
• Sherman takes over in the West
• Sept. 63- Sherman captures Atlanta
• Nov. 63- Sherman burns Atlanta
• 1864- March to the Sea- TOTAL WAR

16
THE WAR IN THE WEST
17
The politics of war

• Political infighting and factions within his own
  party threatened his presidency
• Leading critics of the President- Samuel Chase
• Resented his expansion of power
• Called for complete emancipation
• Northern Democrats
• Associated with seceders
• War Democrats- Supported the President
• Peace Democrats- Did not support the war
• Copperheads- Openly obstructed the war-
  Attacked the draft, Lincoln and Emancipation

18
ELECTION OF 1864

• Republican Party became the Union Party
• Lincoln fought Chase for the party nomination-
  Lincoln won fairly easily
• Lincoln made Andrew Johnson his VP- Why?
• Democrats nominated General McClellan
• Read Pages 452-453

19
(No Transcript)