Ch 21 PPT Civil War

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Ch 21 PPT Civil War
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Bull Run Ends the 90-Day War

• July 1861 - Battle of Bull Run At 1st, battle
  went well for the Union, but Thomas Stonewall
  Jackson stood firm. Confederate reinforcements
  arrived Union army fled.
• Significance Overconfidence in the South
  Soldiers deserted some feeling the war was over.
• North Realized war wasnt going to be over
  quickly

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TMWK 21

1. Pg. 455 Political Cartoon What was happening
   along the Potomac River in 1862? How does the
   cartoonist portray the fighting?
2. Pg 457 Much of the Civil War was fought in what
   areas? Were any battles fought in Union
   (Northern) areas? Where?

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Tardy George McClellan Peninsula Campaign

• Gen McClellan Commander of Potomac Army
• Great organizer and morale booster, but
  overcautious trained troops, but didnt move -
  Lincoln ordered him to advance.
• 1862 Peninsula Campaign- McClellan approaches
  Richmond via rivers captures Yorktown
  continues toward Richmond, but driven back by Gen
  Lee in the Seven Days Battle (Summer 1862)
• Significance If Union had captured Richmond,
  South wouldnt have lost much of their way of
  life.
• However, Lincoln decided that South cant try to
  break apart the govt., then come back into the
  Union without consequences. So Lincoln began to
  draft an Emancipation Proclamation.

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Peninsula Campaign 1862
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Name that General!
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Name that General!
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Name that General!
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Name that General!
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TMWK

• 3. Pg 457 paragraph What was the Norths 6 part
  Military Plan to win the Civil War?

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Norths Military Plan 6 Parts

1. Suffocate South by sea blockade.
2. Free slaves to undermine Souths economy.
3. Seize control of Mississippi R. to cut the
   Confederacy in half.
4. Send troops to Georgia and Carolinas.
5. Capture Richmond.
6. Engage the Souths main strength and overtake
   them.

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War at Sea

• Blockade wasnt complete, but focused on Souths
  main ports. (coast too large to cover all)
• Blockade running occurred using swift steamers
  risky, but large profits exchanged arms for
  cotton.
• Northern Navy enforced blockade by seizing
  British freighters.
• Southerners plated the sides of the Merrimack
  (renamed Virginia) with iron railroad rails.
  Merrimack destroyed two wooden Union ships.
• North Response Union sent the ironclad Monitor
  to attack the Merrimack. Confederates eventually
  destroyed the Merrimack so the Union wouldnt get
  a hold of it.

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Sea Blockade of South
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Sea Blockade of the South
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Pivotal Point Antietam

• Aug 1862 2nd Battle of Bull Run Gen Lee
  against Union Gen John Pope. South won!
• Battle of Antietam, Maryland Gen Lee against
  Union Gen McClellan. Lees battle plan was found
  so Gen McClellan successful in stopping Gen Lees
  march on Border State of Maryland. (battle was a
  draw). Lee went South, and McClellan didnt go
  after him. McClellan lost his command. (fired!)
• Significance This victory for the North
  became the springboard for Lincoln to launch a
  preliminary Emancipation Proclamation in Sept
  1862.
• After Jan 1, 1863 the character of the war will
  be changedthe South is to be destroyed and
  replaced

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TMWK

• 4. Pg 461 Use the key to describe three points
  that the map is showing.

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Proclamation Without Emancipation

• Sept 1862 Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation
• Jan 1, 1863 Emancipation Proclamation Declared
  forever free slaves in the Confederates states
  in rebellion.
• Slaves in Border States werent affected since
  Lincoln concerned they would break away. Thus
  the Emancipation Proclamation was stronger on
  proclamation than emancipation.
• Thousands of slaves flocked to Union armies. 1 in
  7 slaves ran away to Union camps.
• Strengthened moral cause of the Union and removed
  any chance of negotiated settlement.
• Military desertions greatly increased - not
  everyone agreed with the Proclamation.

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Emancipation Proclamation
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Blacks Fighting Bondage

• North Beginning of war no Blacks in the army.
  Union Navy used Blacks as cooks, stewards,
  firemen.
• Need for manpower Blacks eventually accepted
  by end of war 180,000 Blacks served in the Union
  army.
• High casualties more than 38,000 died. If
  captured, many were put to death as slaves in
  revolt.

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Blacks in the South

• South Didnt enlist Blacks until a month before
  war ended. However, tens of thousands of Blacks
  forced into war related labor.
• Slave resistance slowdowns, strikes, defiance,
  and undermined discipline.
• Slaves served as Union spies, guides, scouts, or
  provided shelter to war prisoners.
• At end of war half million slaves fled from the
  plantations.
• Many who stayed negotiated new working conditions
  in factories or on farms.

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Battles Continue

• Lincoln replaced McClellan as commander of Army
  of Potomac with Gen Burnside
• Dec 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia
  Union Gen Burnside attacked Gen Lees position.
  Union lost - 12,000 casualties.
• May 1863 Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia
  Gen Lee divided his forces and sent Stonewall
  Jackson to attack much larger Union force lead by
  Gen Joseph Hooker. Lee won a brilliant victory,
  but unfortunately Stonewall Jackson was
  mistakenly shot by his own men and died.
• General Lee I have lost my right arm.

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Rest in Peace
Great General Thomas Stonewall Jackson
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TMWK

• 5. Map pg 464 What was the Northern most point
  that the Southern Confederates were able to reach
  during the war?
• 6. Map Pg 466 During the Battle of Gettysburg,
  what Hill did Pickett attempt to charge up to
  attack the North?

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Battle of Gettysburg

• July 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
  (Northernmost point reached by Confederate Army)
  For 3 days, Union troops led by Gen George Meade
  fought Confederate troops led by Gen Lee and Gen
  George Pickett. On 3rd day, Confederate Gen
  Picketts brave charge up Cemetery Ridge failed.
  Confederate army retreated.
• Significance Last real chance for Confederacy to
  win the war, but this loss broke the heart and
  back of the Confederate cause.
• Lincolns Gettysburg Address invoked principles
  of human equality and to ensure that democracy
  would remain a possible form of government

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TMWK

• 7. Map pg 468 What 2 forts did Grant attack in
  Tennessee in order to get to the Mississippi
  River?
• 8. Map Pg 469 Which Northern goal is being
  reached and what 3 states did the Union invade?

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War in the West

• Feb 1862, Gen Ulysses S. Grant 1st success in
  Tennessee Captured Fort Henry and Fort
  Donelson.
• Significance Kentucky more secured to the Union
  and opened gateway to enter Tennessee and
  Georgia.
• April 1862 Battle of Shiloh, TN Confederate
  forces launched surprise attack on Gen Grant.
  North won!
• May 1863 Battle of Vicksburg, Miss. Union Gen
  Grants best fought campaign His Army of the
  Tennessee crossed the Miss. River - drove
  Confederate army Lt Gen John C. Pemberton into
  defensive lines surrounding city of Vicksburg 5
  days later Port Hudson fell - South loses control
  of Miss River.

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TMWK

• 9. Pg 471 Chart How many political parties arose
  during the Election of 1864? Name them.

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Election of 1864

• Lincolns re-election depended on keeping
  Republican support and defeating the threat from
  Peace Democrats and Copperheads. VP running mate
  Andrew Johnson, a war Democrat.
• Republican party joined with War Democrats
  Union party.
• Democrat candidate Gen George McClellan
• Lincoln benefited from Northern victories in
  battle, plus Northern soldiers were furloughed
  home to vote for Lincoln.
• Peace Democrats and Copperheads Northern
  Democrats who opposed Civil War, wanted immediate
  peace settlement with Confederates. Most famous
  Copperhead was Ohio's Clement L. Vallandigham, a
  Congressman.

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Election of 1864
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Grant Outlasts Lee

• After Gettysburg, Gen Grant replaced Meade.
• Gen Lee had fewer men.
• April 1865 Northern troops captured Richmond
  and cornered Lee at Appomattox Courthouse in
  Virginia.
• Gen Grant met with Gen Lee - made terms and
  signed surrender document
• Confederate Gen Joseph
• Johnston's army was still fighting
• the Union Army

General Grant
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Lincoln Assassinated

• April 14, 1865 5 days after Gen Lees
  surrender pro-Southern stage actor, John Wilkes
  Booth fatally shot Pres Lincoln at Fords
  Theater.
• Southerners realize Lincolns death was a
  calamity for them. Lincolns moderation would
  have been better than viewpoint of the Congress.
• Vice Pres Andrew Johnson becomes pres.
• Booth was shot less than
• 2 weeks later by a union
• soldier

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Aftermath of Civil War

• Over 600,000 killed over 400,000 wounded. Costs
  15 billion.
• Nation was re-united politically, though for
  generations still divided by the war.
• South collapsed - both economically and socially.
• 13 Amendment passed by Senate, April 1864
  passed by the House on Jan 1865 adopted Dec
  1865.

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TMWK

• 10. What does the Federal government need to do
  to re-unite North and South? Write down 2 ideas.

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Why is Antietam considered the turning point in
the Civil War?

• Why did Lincoln declare his Emancipation
  Proclamation? What did it really achieve?

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Essential Questions

• Why did both the North and the South believe that
  it would be a short war?
• Why is Antietam considered the turning point in
  the Civil War?
• Why did Lincoln declare his Emancipation
  Proclamation? What did it really achieve?
• To what extent did both free and enslaved blacks
  contribute to the war effort?
• What was the significance of Gettysburg?
• How did General Shermans military strategy
  presage modern warfare of the 20th century?
• What finally led to Lees surrender at
  Appomattox?
• How did Lincolns assassination change the
  outcome of the Civil War?
• What are some of the long-term influences of the
  Civil War?
• To what extent did the Civil War benefit the
  freed slaves?