Remember: We decided to attack Hitler first

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Remember We decided to attack Hitler first

• But, we sent a small force to the Pacific to
  attempt to keep Japan busy until we could focus
  on them and for a little payback

Write the Purple on Chart- (a4) And the
Green/White into Prez NB
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Early Pacific Front

• A. After the assault on Pearl Harbor, Japan
  launched widespread attacks on various areas in
  the Pacific and East.
• B. Included Guam, Wake, and the Philippines,
  Hong Kong, British Malaya, and Burma.
• C. The United States was sending supplies to
  Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kei-Shek) in China to help
  with resistance against Japan.

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Japan, Philippines, Hawaii
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General Douglas MacArthur
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(29) Bataan Death March

• A. General Douglas MacArthur commanded the US in
  the Philippines and slowed the Japanese for 5
  months. 20,000 American Soldiers and a large
  number of Filipinos withdrew to Bataan near
  Manila.

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• B. The force held off Japan until April 9, 1942
  MacArthur was ordered to leave for Australia
  until more forces could come but he proclaimed
  I shall return.
• C. The men he left behind were treated with
  vicious cruelty and were forced to march 65 miles
  to a prisoner-of-war camp known as the Bataan
  Death March.

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Bataan Death March
11,700 Americans and as many as 65,000 Filipinos
began the 65-mile march from the Bataan Peninsula
to San Fernando. Of those, between 600 and 700
Americans and between 5,000 and 10,000 Filipinos
died on the march. One of the highest rates of
POW death in World War II Liberation for most
came by August 1945.
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• We move to
  defeat
• Germany and
  Italy

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THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTICJan 1941-May 1945

• After Americas entry into the war, Hitler was
  determined to prevent foods and war supplies from
  reaching Britain and the USSR from Americas east
  coast.
• He ordered submarine raids on U.S. ships on the
  Atlantic.
• During the first four months of 1942 Germany
  sank 87 U.S. ships .

The power of the German submarines was great, and
in two months' time almost two million tons of
Allied ships were resting on the ocean floor.
Efforts were soon made to restrict German subs'
activities.
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ALLIES CONTROL U-BOATS

• In the first seven months of 1942, German U-boats
  sank 681 Allied ships in the Atlantic.
• Something had to be done or the war at sea would
  be lost.
• First, Allies used convoys of ships airplanes
  to transport supplies.
• Destroyers used sonar to track U-boats.
• Airplanes were used to track the U-boats ocean
  surfaces.
• With this improved tracking, Allies inflicted
  huge losses on German U-boats.

U-426 sinks after attack from the air, January
1944. Almost two-thirds of all U-boat sailors
died during the Battle of the Atlantic.
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THE EASTERN FRONT MEDITERRANEAN

• Hitler wanted to wipe out Stalingrad, Soviet
  Union a major industrial center.
• In the summer of 1942, the Germans took the
  offensive in the southern Soviet Union.
• By the winter of 1943, the Allies began to see
  victories on land as well as sea.
• The first great turning point was the Battle of
  Stalingrad.

Battle of Stalingrad was a huge Allied victory
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• For weeks the Germans pressed in on Stalingrad.
• Then winter set in and the Germans were wearing
  summer uniforms.
• The Germans surrendered in January of 1943.
• The Soviets lost more than 1 million men in the
  battle (more than twice the number of deaths the
  U.S. suffered in
  all the war).

Wounded in the Battle of Stalingrad
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(31) THE NORTH AFRICAN FRONT- Operation Torch
American tanks roll in the deserts of Africa and
defeat German and Axis forces.

• Operation Torch an invasion of Axis
  -controlled North Africa --was launched by
  American General Dwight D. Eisenhower in November
  1942.
• The Allies wanted to attack the soft underbelly
  of Europe- through Italy.
• Allied troops landed in Algeria.
• They sped eastward chasing the Afrika Korps led
  by German General Edwin Rommel the desert Fox.

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Allied troops landed in Casa-blanca, Oran and the
Algiers
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TUSKEGEE AIRMEN

• Among the brave men who fought in Italy were
  pilots of the all-black 99th squadron the
  Tuskegee Airmen.
• The pilots made numerous effective strikes
  against Germany and won two distinguished Unit
  Citations .
• On May 31, 1943, the 99th Squadron, the first
  group of African-American pilots trained at the
  Tuskegee Institute, arrived in North Africa.

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Moving North to Italy- the Soft Underbelly of
Europe

• The Italian Campaign got off to a good start as
  the Allies easily took Sicily.
• At that point King Emmanuel III stripped
  Mussolini of his power and had him arrested.
• However, Hitlers forces continued to resist the
  Allies in Italy.
• Heated battles ensued and it wasnt until 1945
  that Italy was secured by the Allies.

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• German-Italian army surrendered in May 1943 in
  North Africa the focus then turned to Italy.
• September 1943 Allied troops moved into Italy.
• Rome was taken on June 4, 1944
• Rome was first Axis capitol to fall.
• It took until May 2, 1945 for the rest of the
  Axis troops to stop fighting in Italy.

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• h. Mussolini tried to escape with his mistress to
  Switzerland both were shot to death on April 28
  their bodies were brought to Milan and dumped
  into a large square, mobs of angry Italians
  trampled the bodies. The bodies were then strung
  with wire and hung upside down.

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D-DAY ALLIES LIBERATE EUROPE
Allies sent fake coded messages indicating they
would attack here. We actually landed on 5
beaches in Normandy, France. Utah, Juno, Omaha,
Gold, Sword

• Even as the Allies were battling for Italy, they
  began plans on a dramatic invasion of France.
• It was known as Operation Overlord and the
  commander was American General Dwight D.
  Eisenhower.
• Also called D-Day, the operation involved 3
  million U.S. British troops and was set for
  June 6, 1944.

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D-Day Invasion of France

• a. Teheran, Iran (November 28 December 1, 1943)
  conference between Stalin, Churchill and
  Roosevelt to plan for an Allied invasion of
  France.
• b. Britain and the U.S. would attack France from
  the west and the Soviets would attack from the
  east at the same time.

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General Dwight D. Eisenhower was in command of
all Allied forces.
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• (36) June 6, 1944 D-day Operation Overlord
  a surprise landing on the beaches of Normandy,
  France- for an Allied invasion to take France
  back from Hitler and begin Germanys defeat.
• e. 100,000 Allied troops landed in 2 days by
  July 1, over 1 million men were inside the
  beachhead.

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D- Day Invasion- Operation OverlordJune 6, 1944
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D-DAY JUNE 6, 1944

• D-Day was the largest land-sea-air operation in
  military history.
• Despite air support, German retaliation was
  brutal especially at Omaha Beach.
• Within a month, the Allies had landed 1 million
  troops, 567,000 tons of supplies and 170,000
  vehicles.

D-Day was an amphibious landing soldiers going
from sea to land
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OMAHA BEACH 6/6/44
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Landing at Normandy
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Planes drop paratroopers behind enemy lines at
Normandy, France
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Losses were extremely heavy on D-Day. There is no
"official" casualty figure for D-Day. Estimates
are 10,000 casualties, including 2,500
dead. Casualties refers to all losses suffered
by the armed forces killed, wounded, missing in
action (meaning that their bodies were not found)
and prisoners of war. The breakdown of US
casualties was 1,465 dead, 3,184 wounded, 1,928
missing and 26 captured. The total German
casualties on D-Day are not known, but are
estimated as being between 4,000 and 9,000 men.
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FRANCE FREED

• By September 1944, the Allies had freed France,
  Belgium and Luxembourg.
• Our focus moved to Berlin, Germany.
• That good news and the Americans peoples
  desire not to change horses in midstream
  helped elect FDR to an unprecedented 4th term.

General George Patton (right) was instrumental in
Allies freeing France.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) VP Harry Truman
and Thomas Dewey(R)
(37) Presidential Election of 1944
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November 1944 ElectionFDR wins 4th
term!Electoral votes FDR 432 to Dewey 99
RedRoosevelt BlueDewey
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BATTLE OF THE BULGE Dec 16, 1944 - Jan 25, 1945

• In October 1944, Americans captured their first
  German town (Aachen) the Allies were closing in.
• Hitler responded with one last ditch massive
  offensive.
• Hitler hoped breaking through the Allied line
  would break up Allied supply lines.

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(39) BATTLE OF THE BULGE

• The battle raged for a month the Germans had
  been pushed back.
• Little seemed to have changed, but in fact the
  Germans had sustained heavy losses.
• Germany lost 120,000 troops, 600 tanks and 1,600
  planes.
• From that point on the Nazis could do little but
  retreat.

The Battle of the Bulge was Germanys last gasp
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(41) Yalta Conference

• Second meeting between Stalin, Churchill and
  Roosevelt -agreement that the priority was the
  defeat of Germany, her unconditional surrender,
  with a partition into four occupied zones, with a
  division occupation of Berlin as well.

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Churchill, Roosevelt, and StalinYalta
Conference Feb 4-11, 1945
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(43) On April 12, 1945 FDR died. He suffered
a massive cerebral hemorrhage and stroke and died
(at Warm Springs, GA The Little White House)
(Truman1) his VP Harry S Truman became the
nations 33rd president.
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Final Days of Hitler

• a. March 1945 American troops
• reached Germanys Rhine River.
• b. Americans were horrified to find the German
  concentration camps of the Jews.
• c. Nazis engaged in mass murder of the
  undesirables an estimated 6 million Jews were
  murdered.
• d. It was not known until the wars end about the
  atrocities of the Holocaust.

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LIBERATION OF DEATH CAMPS

• While the British and Americans moved westward
  into Germany, the Soviets moved eastward into
  German-controlled Poland.
• The Soviets discovered many death camps that the
  Germans had set up within Poland.
• The Americans also liberated Nazi death camps
  within Germany.

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• e. The Soviets reached Berlin first and were very
  vengeful to the Germans.
• f. April 29 Hitler married his long-time
  mistress Eva Braun, April 30 Hitler and Eva
  committed suicide (poisoned her and shot himself)
  aides burned the bodies in the Chancellery
  garden (2 Truman.)

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Not really him dead- the soviets put this picture
out as propaganda
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• j. May 8, 1945 Victory in Europe VE Day The
  celebration of official surrender of Germany in
  Berlin celebrated the 7th in Paris- (3 Truman)
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Celebrating in New York City Streets
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• Now we go back to take care of Japan- blister
  those britches!!!