Practice Test US History Unit Seven

1
Practice TestUS HistoryUnit Seven

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2
Joseph Stalinwas/did NOT

• a. Totalitarian
• b. Communist
• c. launch a massive drive to collectivize
  agriculture
• d. enter into a pact or alliance with Germany in
  1936
• e. responsible for the execution of millions as
  he restructured Soviet society

3
Benito Mussoliniwas/did NOT

• a. Fascist
• b. Nationalist
• c. A militaristic expansionist
• d. launch an invasion of Ethiopia
• e. support government ownership of property

4
Adolph Hitlerwas/did NOT

• a. Nationalist
• b. wrote Mein Kampf
• c. leader of the National Socialist German
  Workers' Party
• d. A militaristic expansionist
• e. support the Treaty of Versailles

5
Japan's militarists were/did NOT

• a. expansionists
• b. launched an invasion of Manchuria
• c. forced Japan to become China's ally
• d. came to power through acts of aggression
• e. pulled Japan out of the League of Nations

6
Francisco Franco was/did NOT

• a. Spanish
• b. socialist
• c. totalitarian
• d. aided by Hitler and Mussolini
• e. came to power through a civil war

7
Which of the following leaders transformed the
Soviet Union from a rural nation into an
industrial power?

• a. Stalin
• b. Hitler
• c. Lenin
• d. Mussolini

8
Which of the following correctly matches the
politician with his nation?

• a. Austria -- Joseph Stalin
• b. Spain -- Francisco Franco
• c. Britain -- Charles de Gaulle
• d. France -- Neville Chamberlain

9
Leader of the fascist government in Italy

• Answer
• Benito Mussolini

10
Leader whose political philosophy was based on
both nationalism and racism

• Answer
• Adolf Hitler

11
Leader whose totalitarian regime was based on a
communist philosophy

• Answer
• Joseph Stalin

12
At the end of World War I, many new democracies
were established in Europe. In the years between
the two world wars, what happened to most of
these democracies?

• a. They thrived.
• b. They became Communist.
• c. They were torn apart by civil wars.
• d. They were replaced by dictatorships.

13
What caused militarist leaders to gain control of
the Japanese government in the early 1930s?

• a. a civil war in Japan
• b. Hideki Tojo'sappointment as prime minister
• c. U.S. shipments of arms and supplies to China
• d. their successful invasion of resource-rich
  Manchuria

14
By signing the Munich Pact, Britain and France
agreed to take this policy toward German
aggression.

• Answer
• Appeasement

15
This British prime minister signed the Munich
Pact.

• Answer
• Neville Chamberlain

16
The result of this led Hitler to call off the
invasion of Britain indefinitely.

• Answer
• Battle of Britain

17
This German military strategy of "lightning war"
was first used in Poland.

• Answer
• blitzkrieg

18
In 1938, this country was Germany's first target.

• Answer
• Austria

19
This nation ceased to exist after it was divided
between Germany and the Soviet Union.

• Answer
• Poland

20
The terms of surrender forced on this nation
included German occupation of the northern part
of the country and the establishment of a
Nazi-controlled puppet government in the southern
part.

• Answer
• France

21
Which of the following did Winston Churchill
oppose?

• a. the Munich Pact
• b. the Atlantic Charter
• c. the Lend-Lease Act
• d. the Treaty of Versailles

22
Which nation(s) signed a nonaggression pact with
Germany that led to the invasion and division of
Poland?

• a. Italy
• b. Spain
• c. Italy and Japan
• d. the Soviet Union

23
In following a policy of appeasement, what did
Britain and France do?

• a. declared war on Germany
• b. submitted to Hitler's demands
• c. entered into a formal defense alliance
• d. pressured the United States to enter the war

24
Leader who made concessions to Hitler in hopes of
ending German aggression

• Answer
• Neville Chamberlain

25
Country that, with England, declared war on
Germany after the German invasion of Poland

• Answer
• France

26
Country that was split between Germany and the
Soviet Union near the beginning of the war

• Answer
• Poland

27
Leader who disapproved of the policy of
appeasement

• Answer
• Winston Churchill

28
Country that began the war in an alliance with
Germanybut ended the war fighting against Germany

• Answer
• Soviet Union

29
How were Britain and France drawn into war with
Germany?

• a. Hitler had taken power in Germany.
• b. Germany had attacked Poland.
• c. Germany had attacked Czechoslovakia.
• d. Germany had pulled out of the League of
  Nations.

30
What happened during the Battle of Britain?

• a. Germany joined the Axis powers.
• b. Germany engaged in a three-front war.
• c. Germany bombed Britain for two months.
• d. Germany entered into a nonaggression pact with
  Britain.

31
What is genocide, as practiced by the Nazis?

• a. the broadcasting of anti-Semitic ideas
• b. the deliberate extermination of a specific
  group of people
• c. the abuse of a nation's citizens by their own
  government
• d. the killing of people for the purpose of
  creating terror

32
What is the name of the areas that Jews were
originally relocated to by the Nazis?

• a. Slums
• b. suburbs
• c. ghettos
• d. tenements

33
Which group was not targeted by the Nazis?

• a. Jews
• b. Gypsies
• c. Anglo-Saxons
• d. Jehovah's Witnesses

34
What is the name of the "master race" that Hitler
wanted to preserve?

• a. Poles
• b. Aryan
• c. Slav
• d. Freemasons

35
Which group of people suffered 6 million deaths
during the Holocaust?

• a. Nationalists
• b. Aryans
• c. Facists
• d. Jews

36
After promising his emperor that he would try to
maintain peace, Japanese Prime Minister ___
ordered the Japanese navy to prepare for attack
on the United States.

• Answer
• Hideki Tojo

37
Germany, Italy, and Japan were called the ___
powers.

• Answer
• Axis

38
Congress boosted defense spending and created the
first peacetime ___ in U.S. history.

• Answer
• draft

39
Germany invaded ___ in spite of the peace treaty
signed between the two nations just prior to
theinvasion of Poland.

• Answer
• The Soviet Union

40
Japan took over French military bases in
Indochina. In response, the United States placed
a(n) ___ onJapan.

• Answer
• Trade embargo

41
Churchill and Roosevelt met secretly aboard the
U.S.S. Augusta. Together, they drafted the ___.

• Answer
• Atlantic Charter

42
Japan launched a surprise attack on the naval
base at ___.

• Answer
• Pearl Harbor

43
The actions of which country finally forced the
United States to enter the war?

• a. Italy
• b. Japan
• c. Germany
• d. the Soviet Union

44
Who or what did President Roosevelt describe as
"the rattlesnakes of the Atlantic"?

• a. Axis nations and their leaders
• b. U.S. Navy ships and their crews
• c. German U-boats and their crews
• d. Japanese warplanes and their pilots

45
Which of the following statements most accurately
reflects Roosevelt's feelings toward joining the
war?

• a. He agreed with the isolationists and promoted
  an isolationist policy.
• b. He wanted to help the Allies but had to
  appease U.S. citizens who opposed entering the
  war.
• c. He wanted to avoid the war because he did not
  see it as a threat to the United States.
• d. He did not understand the position of
  isolationists and was eager to join the war.

46
What was the Lend-Lease Act?

• a. a statement of war aims compiled by Roosevelt
  and Churchill
• b. a nonaggression pact between Germany and the
  Soviet Union
• c. a policy allowing the president to provide
  arms to certain foreign countries
• d. an order to shoot German U-boats on sight

47
This is the code name for the atomic bomb program.

• Answer
• Manhattan Project

48
This expanded the draft and eventually provided
10 million soldiers.

• Answer
• Selective Service System

49
This was the method used to decrease the use of
scarce and essential wartime goods.

• Answer
• rationing

50
This Army Chief of Staff general pushed for the
formation of a Women's Auxiliary Army Corps.

• Answer
• George Marshall

51
This labor leader strongly encouraged President
Roosevelt to issue an executive order
discouraging discrimination in the workplace.

• Answer
• A. Philip Randolph

52
This assumed the responsibility for converting
industry from peacetime to wartime production
anddistributing raw materials to key industries.

• Answer
• War Production Board and Development

53
This was responsible for improvements in radar
and sonar and the development of "wonder drugs"
suchas penicillin that saved countless lives.

• Answer
• Office of Scientific Research

54
The problem of ___ was targeted by the Office of
Price Administration.

• a. inflation
• b. recession
• c. depression
• d. unemployment

55
To combat wartime inflation, the U.S. government
did all of the following except

• a. raise and extend the income tax.
• b. impose wage and price controls.
• c. encourage the purchase of war bonds.
• d. increase production of consumer goods.

56
During the war, women in the WAACs served as

• a. fighter pilots and foot soldiers.
• b. shipbuilders and waitresses.
• c. scientists and factory workers.
• d. nurses and radio operators.

57
He was Roosevelt's vice-president.

• Answer
• Harry S. Truman

58
This death camp was the first liberated by the
Allies.

• Answer
• Majdanek

59
This was the code name for the invasion of
Axis-controlled North Africa.

• Answer
• Operation Torch

60
Convoys, sonar, and radar helped the Allies to
win this battle.

• Answer
• Battle of the Atlantic

61
General ___ led the Third Army into Paris to
liberate the city from German occupation.

• a. George Patton
• b. George Marshall
• c. Douglas MacArthur
• d. Dwight D. Eisenhower

62
The Battle of the Bulge was significant because
it marked the ___.

• a. last German offensive
• b. liberation of the death camps
• c. Allies' first victory in a land battle
• d. Axis powers' first loss in a land battle

63
The Allied invasion of ___ was given the code
name D-Day.

• a. Japan
• b. Italy
• c. North Africa
• d. Nazi-occupied Europe

64
V-E Day, or May 8, 1945, was the day when ___.

• a. the United States entered the war
• b. Allied forces invaded France
• c. Germany surrendered
• d. the Soviets stopped the Germans at the Volga

65
Germany's goal in the Battle of the Atlantic was
to

• a. invade the coast of Great Britain and then
  take over the entire country.
• b. keep food and war supplies from reaching Great
  Britain and the Soviet Union.
• c. prevent Allied forces from landing in Normandy
  and liberating France.
• d. prevent the invasion of North Africa.

66
The Supreme Commander of U.S. forces in Europe was

• a. George Patton.
• b. George Marshall.
• c. Douglas MacArthur.
• d. Dwight D. Eisenhower.

67
In the Battle of Stalingrad, all of the following
contributed to the Soviet victory except

• a. a brutal winter.
• b. a massive Allied invasion.
• c. a massive Soviet counterattack.
• d. Hitler's refusal to order a German retreat.

68
When forced to abandon the Philippines, ___ made
the vow, "I shall return."

• a. Hideki Tojo
• b. Chester Nimitz
• c. Douglas MacArthur
• d. Franklin D. Roosevelt

69
What was the Manhattan Project?

• a. the plan to crash Japanese suicide planes into
  Allied ships
• b. the plan to develop the atomic bomb
• c. the historic meeting of the "Big Three"
• d. the training of the Navajo code talkers

70
Which nation was defeated at the Battle of Midway
after its plans of an attack were intercepted?

• a. the Soviet Union
• b. the United States
• c. Japan
• d. Great Britain

71
Where did the United States drop the atomic bomb?

• a. Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• b. Hiroshima and Okinawa
• c. Okinawa and Iwo Jima
• d. Iwo Jima and Guadalcanal

72
Which of the following leaders did not attend the
Yalta Conference?

• a. Joseph Stalin
• b. Winston Churchill
• c. Harry S. Truman
• d. Franklin D. Roosevelt

73
Who were the defendants at the Nuremberg trials?

• a. Soviet occupants of Eastern European countries
• b. the developers of the atomic bomb
• c. Nazi leaders
• d. Japanese war criminals

74
Truman's aim in deciding to drop the atomic bomb
was to ___.

• a. find out how destructive the bomb really was
• b. teach Japanese military leaders a lesson
• c. end the war and save American lives
• d. show how powerful the United States was

75
The general who led Allied troops in battles on
the islands of Bataan, Leyte, and Iwo Jima was

• a. Dwight D. Eisenhower.
• b. Chester Nimitz.
• c. Charles Brown.
• d. Douglas MacArthur.

76
In deciding to use the atomic bomb against Japan,
President Truman's main goal was to

• a. end the war quickly.
• b. weaken Japan for a long time.
• c. get revenge for Pearl Harbor.
• d. save Japanese lives.

77
To protest discrimination, ___ organized a march
on Washington on July 1, 1941.

• a. Franklin D. Roosevelt
• b. Harry S. Truman
• c. General George Marshall
• d. Phillip Randolph

78
With respect to finding better jobs, the war
years marked a period of ___ for African
Americans.

• a. decline
• b. advance
• c. stagnation
• d. uncertainty

79
The GI Bill of Rights made it possible for

• a. African Americans to serve in combat
  positions.
• b. soldiers to take short leaves from fighting.
• c. veterans to attend college for free.
• d. enlisted men to receive officer training.

80
Roosevelt's decision to remove people of Japanese
ancestry to internment camps was a response to

• a. strong anti-Japanese sentiment.
• b. verified reports of Japanese Americans acting
  as spies.
• c. the lack of Japanese Americans serving in the
  armed forces.
• d. rumors that the Japanese were developing an
  atomic bomb.

81
An example of racial tensions during the war
years is

• a. sit-ins in the South staged by CORE.
• b. the actions of the Tuskegee Airmen.
• c. anti-Mexican demonstrations in Detroit.
• d. the "zoot-suit" riots in Los Angeles.

82
This group consisted of Eastern European nations
that were dominated by the Soviet Union.

• Answer
• Satellite nations

83
This action provided vital supplies to a region
blockaded by the Soviet Union.

• Answer
• Berlin Airlift

84
Both the United States and the Soviet Union
joined this organization after World War II.

• Answer
• United Nations

85
He arranged for about 400 million dollars in aid
to be sent to postwar Turkey and Greece.

• Answer
• Harry S. Truman

86
This defensive military alliance was the first
military alliance that the United States ever
entered during peacetime.

• Answer
• NATO

87
This aid program was directed "not against any
country or doctrine but against hunger,
poverty,desperation, and chaos."

• Answer
• Marshall Plan

88
This term refers to the indirect but hostile
conflict between the United States and the Soviet
Union thatbegan at the end of World War II.

• Answer
• Cold War

89
He believed that the best way to avoid a third
world war was to create a new world order in
which allnations had the right of
self-determination.

• Answer
• Harry S. Truman

90
In a capitalist system,

• a. the state controls economic activity.
• b. private citizens control economic activity.
• c. elected officials control economic activity.
• d. the dictator controls economic activity.

91
The main goal of the Truman Doctrine was to

• a. promote free elections in Europe.
• b. restrict the spread of communism.
• c. force Germany to pay war reparations.
• d. maintain international peace through the UN.

92
The Soviet blockade of West Berlin was a response
to

• a. the Marshall Plan.
• b. the formation of NATO.
• c. efforts by Western nations to divide Germany.
• d. efforts by Western nations to reunify Germany.

93
Although Mao Zedong won the hearts of the Chinese
peasants, he failed to win American support
because he

• a. was corrupt.
• b. was a Nationalist.
• c. was a Communist.
• d. had cooperated with Japan during World War II.

94
The failure of Chiang Kai-shek's forces in the
Chinese Civil War can largely be blamed on

• a. his weak and corrupt leadership.
• b. aid given by the United States to the
  opposition.
• c. the U.S. fear and distrust of communism.
• d. the U.S. lack of interest in the outcome of
  the war.

95
Who was forced to retreat to Taiwan (Formosa)?

• a. the Korean Nationalists
• b. the Korean Communists
• c. the Chinese Nationalists
• d. the Chinese Communists

96
Of the following participants in the Korean War,
which fought on the side of the Communists?

• a. China
• b. South Korea
• c. the United States
• d. the United Nations

97
General Douglas MacArthur argued that the Korean
War

• a. was not a vital American interest.
• b. should be limited to Korea.
• c. should be extended into a war against China.
• d. should be extended into a war against the
  Soviet Union.

98
The ___ were defeated in the civil war in China
despite 2 billion dollars in aid sent to them
from theUnited States.

• a. Nationalists
• b. Communists
• c. Soviets
• d. peasants

99
The ___ appeared to be winning the Korean War
until China actively entered the conflict.

• a. Communists
• b. Nationalists
• c. South Koreans
• d. North Koreans

100
Between 1944 and 1947, Chinese Nationalists

• a. relied heavily on financial aid from the
  Soviet Union.
• b. ruled in the southern and eastern regions of
  China.
• c. attracted overwhelming support from the
  nation's peasants.
• d. were led by Mao Zedong.

101
The Soviet Union did not vote to defend South
Korea at the UN Security Council because

• a. the Soviets were boycotting the UN over the
  presence of Taiwan.
• b. the Soviets were boycotting the UN over the
  presence of Chinese Communists.
• c. the Soviets had already sent military aid to
  South Korea.
• d. the Soviets had wanted to remain neutral at
  the time.

102
When an armistice was signed ending the Korean
War,

• a. North and South Korea were still divided along
  the 38th parallel.
• b. a communist government was established in
  South Korea.
• c. communist fears in the United States were
  lifted.
• d. China gained control of the entire peninsula.

103
___ could only be charged with perjury, not
espionage, because too many years had passed
since the spying had taken place.

• Answer
• Alger Hiss

104
The ___ decided not to cooperate with the
investigation into whether the American film
industry had been influenced by Communists.

• Answer
• Hollywood Ten

105
Claiming to be persecuted for being Jewish and
holding radical beliefs, ___ pleaded not guilty
to thecrime of espionage.

• Answer
• Ethel Julius Rosenberg

106
In pronouncing sentence on ___, Judge Irving
Kaufman declared the crime "worse than murder
because it had put "into the hands of the
Russians the A-bomb."

• Answer
• Ethel Julius Rosenberg

107
In 1947, ___ subpoenaed 43 witnesses from the
Hollywood film industry to give testimony on
whether Communists influenced the American film
industry.

• Answer
• HUAC

108
To label someone's activities as ___ would be to
suggest that the person is making unsupported
accusations.

• a. brinkmanship
• b. Containment
• c. McCarthyism
• d. infiltration

109
Accusations that communism was widely present in
the U.S. government and military were made by

• a. Douglas MacArthur.
• b. Joseph McCarthy.
• c. John Foster Dulles.
• d. Alger Hiss.

110
He led the nation that developed the first
hydrogen bomb.

• Answer
• Dwight D. Eisenhower

111
The satellite nations were members of this
military alliance.

• Answer
• Warsaw Pact

112
This group's covert actions helped to topple
governments in Iran and Guatemala.

• Answer
• CIA

113
He told an aide, "If one of these U-2's were
lost when we were engaged in apparently
sinceredeliberations, it could...ruin my
effectiveness."

• Answer
• Dwight D. Eisenhower

114
As Secretary of State, he proposed that the
United States declare its intention to use
massive retaliationagainst any aggression.

• Answer
• John Foster Dulles

115
This U.S. policy required greater dependence on
nuclear weapons and the airplanes that
deliveredthem.

• Answer
• Brinkmanship

116
This U-2 pilot was convicted of espionage after
his plane was shot down and he was forced to
parachute into Soviet-controlled territory.

• Answer
• Francis Gary Powers

117
The United States responded to fear of Soviet
military action in the Middle East by issuing the
___.

• a. Marshall Plan
• b. Truman Doctrine
• c. Warsaw Pact
• d. Eisenhower Doctrine

118
When the Soviet Union exploded an atomic bomb,
the United States responded by intensifying
effortsto develop ___.

• a. NATO
• b. an atomic bomb
• c. a space satellite
• d. a hydrogen bomb

119
After the U-2 incident, all of the following
events occurred except

• a. the Soviet Union rejected Eisenhower's "open
  skies" proposal at Geneva.
• b. Khrushchev called off a summit conference on
  the arms race.
• c. Khrushchev withdrew his invitation for
  Eisenhower to visit the Soviet Union.
• d. Francis Gary Powers was released from prison
  after 18 months.

120
American interest in developing a hydrogen bomb
intensified when

• a. the policy of containment failed in China.
• b. the Soviet Union launched a space satellite.
• c. the Soviet Union exploded an atomic bomb.
• d. the Soviet Union exploded a hydrogen bomb.

121
One of the benefits that the GI Bill of Rights
offered to returning veterans was ___.

• a. counseling
• b. low-interest loans
• c. free homes
• d. government jobs

122
President Truman threatened to ___ striking
workers to prevent strikes from crippling the
nation.

• a. arrest
• b. Sue
• c. draft
• d. deport

123
The Dixiecrats nominated ___ to run for president
in 1948.

• a. Harry S. Truman
• b. Thomas E. Dewey
• c. J. Strom Thurmond
• d. Henry A. Wallace

124
During the 1950s, ___ jobs declined.

• a. manufacturing
• b. advertising
• c. communications
• d. service

125
The vast majority of new homes in the 1950s were
built in the ___ .

• a. big cities
• b. suburbs
• c. small cities
• d. rural areas

126
All of the following were early effects of the
conversion from a wartime to a peacetime economy
except

• a. increased unemployment.
• b. inflation.
• c. the supply of goods exceeding demand.
• d. decreased wages.

127
All of the following contributed to the economic
recovery after the war except

• a. consumer demand.
• b. labor strikes.
• c. the Cold War.
• d. the Marshall Plan.

128
The factor that most contributed to the upset win
of Truman in the 1948 election was

• a. his relentless campaign against a "do-nothing"
  Congress.
• b. the healthy state of the nation's economy.
• c. his position on civil rights.
• d. support from labor unions.

129
He developed a vaccine against polio.

• Answer
• Dr. Jonas Salk

130
McDonald's is one of the earliest examples of
this type of business.

• Answer
• Franchise

131
This is a marketing strategy in which
manufacturers purposely design products to wear
out or becomeoutdates in a short period of time.

• Answer
• Planned Obsolescence

132
The height of this unprecedented population
explosion was in 1957.

• Answer
• Baby boom

133
A ___ is a large corporation that owns a number
of smaller companies.

• a. franchise
• b. monopoly
• c. government agency
• d. conglomerate

134
With more money to spend and an increased number
of products to buy, ___ became an American way of
life.

• a. consumerism
• b. social conformity
• c. planned obsolescence
• d. a 40-hour work week

135
One disadvantage of standardization in American
business was that it

• a. led to a lower standard of living.
• b. discouraged individuality.
• c. lowered profits.
• d. was less efficient.

136
The dramatic increase in car ownership in the
1950s contributed to all of the following except

• a. noise pollution.
• b. the Interstate Highway Act.
• c. decreased usage of national parks.
• d. the widening gap between the middle class and
  the poor.

137
Most Americans in the 1960s relied on ___ as
their primary source of entertainment and
information.

• a. radio
• b. movies
• c. telephones
• d. television

138
The expression of nonconformity by ___ developed
into the beat movement.

• a. college students
• b. artists and poets
• c. teenagers
• d. rock 'n' roll performers

139
The first politician to skillfully use the new
medium of television was

• a. Harry S. Truman.
• b. Dwight D. Eisenhower.
• c. Richard M. Nixon.
• d. Adlai Stevenson.

140
Criticism of television in the 1950s was based on

• a. its portrayal of an idealized society.
• b. weak transmitters.
• c. the size of the screen.
• d. its black-and-white images.

141
In the 1950s, both the beat movement and rock 'n'
roll were viewed as forms of

• a. harmless entertainment.
• b. rebellion.
• c. African-American culture.
• d. mainstream American values.

142
The group that benefited most from the economy
and culture of the 1950s was

• a. African-American women.
• b. African-American men.
• c. white women.
• d. white men.

143
The Longoria incident prompted Mexican Americans
to do all of the following except

• a. promote political candidates who represented
  their interests.
• b. organize the G.I. Forum.
• c. found the Unity League of California.
• d. return to Mexico.