early 19c Industrialization in America

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Early 19c Industrialization in America The
Market Revolution
Industrialization A shift from manual labor to
mechanized work. Changes in transportation,
communication, and fabrication encouraged
national economic growth and regional
specialization.
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The Transportation Revolution
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Erie Canal System 1820s
First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA
Cumberland (National Road), 1811
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Principal Canals in 1840
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Robert Fulton the Steamboat
1807 The Clermont
Inland Freight Rates
Before NOLA ? Louisville (1,440 miles) 4
months After 1820 20 days 1838
6 days
Clipper Ships
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TheRailroadRevolution,1850s

• Immigrant laborbuilt the Northern RRs. (Irish
  East Chinese West)
• Slave laborbuilt the Southern RRs.

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New Inventions "Yankee Ingenuity"
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Eli Whitney
http//www.eliwhitney.org/new/sites/default/files/
minisites/cotton/patent.html
Eli Whitneys Gun Factory
Interchangeable Parts Rifle
Cotton Gin, 1791
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John Deere the Steel Plow(1837)
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Cyrus McCormick the Mechanical Reaper 1831
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Samuel F. B. Morse
1840 Telegraph
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Cyrus Field the Transatlantic Cable, 1858
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The Northern Industrial "Juggernaut"
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Samuel Slater(Father of the Factory System)
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The Lowell SystemFirst Dual-Purpose Textile
Plant
Francis Cabot Lowells town 1814 1850
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Lowell Girls
Typically young unmarried women
Lowell Boarding Houses
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Detail showing use of water power
Four young women to a room
Communal Dining Area
Womens Dorm
Womens Dorm Room
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What's Happening in America by the 1850s?
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Regional Specialization
EAST ? Industrial SOUTH ? Cotton Slavery WEST
? The Nations Breadbasket
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American Population Centers in 1820 1860
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National Origin of Immigrants1820 - 1860
Why now?
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Know-Nothing Party (American Party / Nativists)
The Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner
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• Nativist reaction to immigrants --- anti
  immigrant anti alcohol (temperance movement)