The Twenties Chapter 11 Honors US History

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The TwentiesChapter11Honors US History
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The Roaring 20s

• An era of prosperity,
• Republican power,
• and conflict

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Age of Prosperity

• Economic expansion
• Mass Production
• Assembly Line, Interchangeable Parts, and
  Division of Labor
• Age of the Automobile
• Ailing Agriculture

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Consumerism

• Rise of a Consumer Culture
• Case Example Detroits Automobile Industry
• Henry Ford Ford Motor Company
• Assembly Line allows more cars to be produced
  in the same amount of labor hours
• Increases productivity
• Makes cars more affordable

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Consumer Economy
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New Payment Plans

• Installment Plans
• Allows a consumer to get the product immediately
  and pay it off in installments over time.
• Credit
• Allows a consumer to get the product immediately
  and pay off the cost of it over time WITH INTEREST

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Credit Card Example

• Credit Card with 5.9 APR
• Susie buys a dress for 500 in March
• Makes the minimum payment (20) in March
• 500-20480 x .059 28.32480 508.32
• Makes the minimum payment (20) in April
• 508.32-20488.32 x .059 28.81488.32
  517.13
• Makes the minimum payment (20) in May
• 517.13-20497.13 x .059 29.33497.13
  526.46

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• an agri. depression in early 1920's contributed
  to this urban migration
• U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europe
• at same time agri. efficiency increased so more
  food produced (more food lower prices) and
  fewer labourers needed
• so farming was no longer as prosperous, and
  bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed)
• so American farmers enter the Depression in
  advance of the rest of society

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• Black Americans in this period continued to live
  in poverty
• sharecropping kept them in de facto slavery
• 1915 - boll weevil wiped out the cotton crop
• white landowners went bankrupt forced blacks
  off their land

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Jazz Age Presidents
All Republicans
Harding
Coolidge
Hoover
All believed in Laissez-Faire
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The Business of GovernmentHarding and
Coolidge11.2
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Republican Power

• President Harding
• Elected 1920
• Legacy of Scandals
• Teapot Dome
• Died in office

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President Coolidge The business of America is
business.

• Fordney-McCumber Tariff
• Smoot-Hawley Tariff (Hoover signed it)
• No help for farmers
• Foreign Policy

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Outlawing/Preventing War

• Washington Naval Conference
• Limit Capital Ships-Battleships
• Four Power Treaty-respect current holdings in
  pacific (U.S., Japan, England, France)
• Five Power Treaty-Limit Capital ships- U.S. and
  Britain able to have the most. Japan did not like
  also outlawed use of poison gas.
• Nine Power Treaty-Respect the Open Door Policy
• Kellogg-Briand Pact- outlaw war 60 nations

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Billy Mitchell

• Need for air power
• Court Martial

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Dawes Plan
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SocialandCultural Tensions

• Honors
• US History
• 11.3

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Scopes Monkey Trial
Evolution vs. Creationism
Science vs. Religion
Dayton, Tennessee
Famous Lawyers
John Scopes High School Biology teacher
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Nativism

• Ku Klux Klan re-emerges as the nativist movement
  achieves power.
• Immigration is restricted.
• Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
• Highlighted the power of nativism.

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The New Immigrants
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Qualities of the New Immigrants

• More diversity in religion and ethnicity
• Catholics, Jews, Orthodox Christians
• Left Europe because of religious persecution and
  poverty
• Lured by new jobs in America

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Immigrant Discrimination

• Persecuted by Nativists
• Argued that immigrants
• Increased poverty
• Brought crime
• Stole American jobs
• Hated their different culture

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• for immigrants the point of origin had shifted
  to S E Europe and new religions appeared
  Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic
• N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this
  shift and felt it would undermine Protestant
  values
• this fear was known as NATIVISM
• many wanted Congress to restrict immigration,
  leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas
  of Europe
• fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a
  sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm.
  post-Bolshevik Rev.)
• basic comm. advocates a int'l revolution by the
  proletariat/workers - fears that this ideology
  could find its way into the U.S.

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The Ku Klux Klan
Great increase In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Anti-womens suffrage
1915
Anti-bootleggers
It is like writing history with lightning. And
my only regret is that it is all so terribly
true Woodrow Wilson
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Prohibition
18th Amendment
Volstead Act
Gangsters
untouchables
Al Capone
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Reasons for Prohibition

• Proposed by the Womens Christian Temperance
  Union (WCTU)
• Thought it would cure societys problems
  (domestic abuse).
• Thought it would increase industrial
  productivity, so factory owners favored it.

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Noble Experiment Gone Wrong

• Drove drinking underground and added a rebellious
  aspect to it.
• Alcohol became dangerous due to unregulated
  drinks.

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Gangs

• Organized Crime and Bootlegging
• Gave gangs a tremendous source of income which
  increased their strength.

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Bootleggers
A Secret Tunnel for Booze
Bathtub Gin
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Speakeasies and Blind Pigs
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Al Capone

• Controlled the Italian Mafia of Chicago.
• Extremely popular with the common people.
• Brought down by Elliott Ness of the US Treasury
  Department (Untouchables).
• Capone convicted of tax evasion even though he
  was responsible for hundreds of deaths.

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Enforcing the Volstead Act
Al Capone and the Deputy Chief of the Chicago
Police
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• PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcohol
• adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
• an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
• in WWI, temperance became a patriotic theme -
  drunkenness caused low productivity
  inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the
  wounded
• Volstead Act-no consumption
• a difficult law to enforce... organized crime,
  speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise
• Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 21st
  Amendment
• forced organized crime to pursue other interests

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A New Mass Culture

• Honors US
• 11.4

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Culture of the Roaring 20s
Radio KDKA Pittsburgh GE, Westinghouse, RCA form
NBC
Silent Movies Charlie Chaplin Talkies The Jazz
Singer Starring Al Jolson Mary
Pickford Americas Sweetheart
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Rudolph Valentino
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Charlie Chaplin
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Mary Pickford
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Douglass Fairbanks
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Clark Gable
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Clara Bow
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The Jazz Singer
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Heroes of Sport
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Celebrities
Babe Ruth Ty Cobb
Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of St. Louis
Jack Dempsey
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Heroes of Aviation
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• 1920's also brought about great changes for
  women...
• 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
• after 1920, social circumstances changed too as
  more women worked outside the home
• and more women went to college and clamoured to
  join the professions
• women didn't want to sacrifice wartime gains -
  amounted to a social revolt
• characterized by the FLAPPER/ "new woman"
• (bobbed hair, short dresses, smoked in public...)

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The Flappers

• Flappers name for a woman who defied
  traditional feminine ideals.
• Smoked and Drank
• Went dancing in nightclubs
• Exposed more skin in dress
• Wore bobby-style haircuts
• Attended petting parties
• A woman could now use her sexuality to empower
  herself.

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Flapper
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The 20s is The Jazz Age
The Flappers make up cigarettes short skirts
Musicians Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington George
Gershwin
Writers F. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway
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The Lost Generation
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Lost Generation
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11.5 Harlem Renaissance

• Great Migration
• - Why?
• - Problems? Why?
• - need workers during WWI to fill jobs

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• Blacks moved north to take advantage of booming
  wartime industry ( Great Migration) - Black
  ghettoes began to form, i.e. Harlem
• within these ghettoes a distinct Black culture
  flourished
• But both blacks and whites wanted cultural
  interchange restricted

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• Harlem 1920s population in New York grows to
  200,000 African Americans.
• W.E.B. DuBois
• - NAACP
• - The Crisis

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• Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant)
  established the Universal Negro Improvement
  Association
• believed in Black pride
• advocated racial segregation b/c of Black
  superiority
• Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
• he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
• attracted many investments gov't charged him
  with w/fraud
• he was found guilty and eventually deported to
  Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist

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• What was the purpose of the NAACP?
• How does it differ from the UNIA?
• Why do you think poor African Americans were
  attracted to UNIA?

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Harlem Renaissance

• New York Citys Harlem neighborhood gets a huge
  population boom due to the Great Migration.
• Harlem will become the center of an
  African-American cultural re-birth.

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Harlem Renaissance Why Now?

• Blacks feel a sense of unity and pride in their
  own distinct neighborhood in Harlem away from
  white oppression.
• A number of white publishing companies started to
  agree to publish black literature and record
  black music.
• White people as well as blacks became fans of the
  new black art styles.

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Music of Harlem

• Jazz completely American form of music defined
  by improvisation and creativity, not rules.

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• Jazz
• -not defined by rules, known for spirit of
  creativity
• -blended other forms of music
• Savoy Ballroom
• Cotton Club

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• Harlem Renaissance
• -theme of defiance/resistance
• A. Literature
• James Weldon Johnson
• Claude McKay
• Langston Hughes
• - also wrote of hope
• 4. Zora Neale Hurston

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Claude McKay                                    
                               
Countee Cullen                                  
                                
Paul Robeson                                    
                    
Langston Hughes                                 
                                  
William H. Johnson                              
                                 
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Art of Harlem
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Paul Robeson
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Josephine Baker