Slavery and Secession

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THE UNION IN PERILCAUSES OF THE CIVIL
WARCHAPTER 10

• Section 4
• Slavery and Secession
• Why did the South secede?

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Dred Scott Decision - 1857

• Dred Scott
• lives in Illinois and Wisconsin for 5 years
  free states.
• He argues he has become free by living there.
• Supreme Court, led by Roger B. Taney, decides..
• Slaves cannot sue in court b/c they are not full
  citizens
• Slaves are private property, govt. cannot take
  away property w/o due process
• HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES
• Kansas-Nebraska Act, Missouri Compromise, and
  Compromise of 1850 are now UNCONSTITUTIONAL!!!

3
Lecompton Constitution Debate- 1857

• President Buchanan, a Southerner, endorses the
  Lecompton Constitution of Kansas.
• WHY???
• Kansas is now a Free-soiler state by 10 to 1!!!
• Stephen Douglas, a Democrat, sees this as a gross
  violation of popular sovereignty
• Congress to authorize a new referendum (vote) in
  Kansas.
• Kansas passes a anti-slavery constitution under
  the new vote.
• Douglas actions tear the Democratic party into
  two Northern Democrats and Southern Democrats.

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Lincoln-Douglas Debates - 1858

• Debate for same Senate seat for Illinois.
• Lincoln challenges Douglas to 7 open-air
  debates.
• KEY ISSUE slavery in the territories
• Douglas popular sovereignty should decide the
  issue (slavery will whither away).
• Lincoln slavery will not wither away, but must
  be stopped from spreading.

Lincoln What about Dred Scott v.
Sanford? Douglas Freeport Doctrine, suggests
that states/people can work around the
ruling. WHAT WAS THE LINCOLNS IMPACT FROM
THESE DEBATES??
5
John Brown and Harpers Ferry

• October 16, 1859 John Brown and 18 men attempt
  to seize the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry.
• Their intent start a slave rebellion in
  Virginia.
• They fail. Stopped by local militia and Col.
  Robert E. Lees US marines.
• Brown is tried for treason in a VA court and hung
  on Dec. 2, 1859.
• Brown becomes a martyr to Northern Abolitionists.
• South believes Northern abolitionists are trying
  to start slave rebellions. More talk of
  secession.

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• John Brown (1800-1859) was an abolitionist who
  took direct action to free slaves by force.
  Following his raid on the arsenal at Harpers
  Ferry, in mid-October 1859, he was convicted of
  treason, conspiracy, and murder. One of the most
  controversial abolitionists, Brown was regarded
  by some as a martyr and by others as a common
  assassin. Ralph Waldo Emerson said that Brown's
  death would "make the gallows as glorious as the
  cross." This image shows a heroic Brown as he
  walks to his execution on December 2, 1859.
• John Brown, The Martyr New York Currier and
  Ives, 1870

http//www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam007.htmlj
brown
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Election of 1860

• Republicans hold their national convention in
  1860.
• Everyone expects Sen. Seward to be nominated.
• Seward, however, has made too many aggressive
  anti-slavery remarks.
• How did people know about Lincoln?
• Democrats are split into North and South,
  weakening the party.
• Know-nothings and others form the Constitutional
  Union Party, which takes away votes from the
  Democrats
• Lincoln wins the election.

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• Southern Aristocracy

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South Secedes

• Lincoln wins every Northern state and NOT ONE
  Southern state.
• Southerners feel they have lost their voice in
  the national government. To protect their
  states rights they secede.
• Dec. 20, 1860 South Carolina secedes, followed by
  Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Florida
  and Texas.
• These 7 form the Confederate States of America.
• Confederate Constitution guarantees what?
• Who is in charge of the Confederacy?
• President Buchanan does NOTHING.
• The Nation waits What will Lincoln do when he
  takes office?

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Slavery and Secession
Pro or Anti Slavery Reasons why Pro or Anti-Slavery
Dred Scott decision
Lecompton Constitution Debate
Douglas Debates
Lincoln Debates
Harpers Ferry
John Browns Hanging
Election of Lincoln
Secession
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WHY DID THE SOUTH SECEDE?

• CHRONOLOGICAL
• 1787
• 1861

• MOST RESPONSIBLE
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
• 6.
• 7.
• 8.
• 9.
• 10.

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TERMS

• Abraham Lincoln
• Dred Scott
• Roger B. Taney
• Freeport Doctrine
• Harpers Ferry
• Confederate States of America
• Jefferson Davis