The Secession Crisis

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The Secession Crisis

• Election of 1860 Lincoln
• 20 December 1860 South Carolina secedes
• 1 February 1861 six other Southern states join
  South Carolina
• February 1861 The Confederate States of America
  is established
• Why this form of government? What problems might
  arise?

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The Secession Crisis

• Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Arkansas
  - will secede if the federal government acts
  against the Confederacy with force
• Why secede now?
• South feared economic power of North secession
  would liberate the South
• Patriotic feelings destroyed by sectional
  differences
• Fear federal government would flood South with
  unfriendly officials

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The Secession Crisis

• Northern viewpoint South not serious
• Southern viewpoint North would not fight
• President Buchanan
• Jefferson Davis chosen by Confederacy

President Buchanan
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Lincoln

• Nation tense between election (Nov) and
  inauguration (March)
• Was Lincoln capable? Would he fight for the
  Union?
• Incoming Cabinet was balanced with all views
  concerning issue represented
• William Seward Sec. State moderate
• Salmon P. Chase Sec. Treasury radical

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Fort Sumter

• Most US property in South seized by Confederacy
• Forts Sumter and Pickens
• Still in US hands
• Most Northerners did not want them surrendered
  without a fight
• Reinforcement might result in bloodshed that
  might make reconciliation impossible
• Lincoln finally ordered food shipments to Fort
  Sumter South would not allow fired on the
  fort 12 April 1861

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Fort Sumter
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Fort Sumter
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Fort Sumter

• The attack prompted Lincoln to call for 75,000
  volunteers
• This request prompted Virginia, North Carolina,
  Arkansas, and Tennessee to secede
• Union troops transiting Baltimore were attacked
  Lincoln himself had to sneak through to get to
  the capital
• Lincoln rested conflict on preservation of the
  Union. Why not the abolition of slavery?

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Blue Gray
Population gt20 million Population 9 million (including 3.5 million slaves)
Nine times as much manufacturing as South Little manufacturing
Larger railroad system Small railroad system
Merchant marine and navy Little to no merchant marine or navy
Northern reliance on Southern markets Provided 3/4 of worlds cotton
Invasion and defeat of South mandatory War need only be one of defense
Officer problems Military heritage - officers
Lincolns personality Davis personality
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Important Battles

• Bull Run (First Manassas)
• Battle of the Ironclads
• Shiloh
• Seven Days Battles
• Gaines Mill
• Malvern Hill
• Mechanicsville
• Antietam
• Fredericksburg
• Chancellorsville
• Vicksburg

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Important Battles

• Gettysburg
• New York Draft Riots
• Fort Wagner / Blacks in the Union Army
• Chickamauga
• Chattanooga
• Wilderness Campaign
• Cold Harbor
• Siege of Petersburg

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Important Battles

• Mobile Bay
• Atlanta Campaign
• Franklin-Nashville
• Shermans March to the Sea
• Appomattox (Battle Surrender)
• Assassination of Lincoln

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Important Events

• The Emancipation Proclamation
• Radical Congress pushing abolition
• Lincoln saw emancipation as military tool and way
  to appeal to liberal Europeans
• Military victory at Antietam allowed
  proclamation
• The Draft Riots
• Erupted after passage of Conscription Act
• Allowed exemptions in exchange for bounty
• Most rioters Irish immigrants why?

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Assignment

• Students will research and write two short papers
  (at least two pages) on a battle of their choice.
  The paper will cover
• Commanders on both sides
• Objectives of both sides (what did they want to
  do)
• Brief summary of the battle
• Casualties incurred
• Outcome of the battle

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1. Introduction
2. Commanders (North and South)
3. Objectives (North and South)
4. The Battle
5. Casualties
6. Outcome / Impact

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Economic and Social Effects

• Inflation and labor shortages in South
• Blockade of Southern ports
• Manufacturing and agriculture in North boomed
• Continuous immigration into North provided labor
  and soldiers
• Copperheads
• Lincoln and the law

Sons of Erin
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Women in Wartime

• Manufacturing and business
• Agriculture
• Patriotism and shame

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Women in Wartime

• Jon Haralson, Jon Haralson, you are a funny
  creature
• You have brought into this cruel war a new and
  curious feature.
• You would have us think while every man was born
  to be a fighter,
• The women, bless the pretty dears, should save
  their pee for niter.
• Jon Haralson, Jon Haralson, where did you get the
  notion,
• To send your barrels round the town to gather up
  the lotion?
• We thought the girls had work enough in making
  shirts and kissing
• But now youve put the pretty dears to patriotic
  pissing.
• Jon Haralson, Jon Haralson, pray do invent a
  neater
• And somewhat less immodest mode of making your
  saltpeter.
• The thing is so very queer, you know,
  gunpowder-like and cranky,
• That when a woman lifts her skirts she shoots a
  bloody Yankee.

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Women in Wartime

• Jon Haralson, Jon Haralson, weve read in song
  and story
• That womens tears in all these years have
  sprinkled fields of glory
• But never did we know before that midst these
  scenes of slaughter,
• Your Southern beauties dried their tears and went
  to making water.
• No wonder, Jon, your boys are brave, who would
  not be a fighter,
• if every time he fired his gun he used his
  sweethearts niter?
• And, vice-versa, what could make a Yankee soldier
  sadder,
• Than dodging bullets fired from a pretty womans
  bladder.
• They say there is a subtle smell that lingers in
  the powder,
• And when the smoke grows thicker and the din of
  battle louder,
• That there is found in this compound this serious
  objection

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Assignment

• Groups will research a specific battle and create
  a presentation that
• Explains the flow of the battle
• Identifies the major players (generals, etc)
• Shows interesting facts
• Shows a map of the battle
• Explains how the battle impacted the war
• Groups will turn in list of members showing what
  each member contributed

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