Secession and the Start of the War

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Secession and the Start of the War

• After the election of Lincoln in 1860, South
  Carolina passed a secession ordinance on December
  20, 1860.

Abraham Lincoln
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A Nation Divided

• Mississippi,Florida,
• Alabama,Georgia, Louisiana,and Texas soon
  followed ( 7 states total
  )and formed the Confederate States of America
• ( CSA).
• Jefferson Davis was elected as the President
  of the CSA.

Jefferson Davis
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North vs. South Advantages and Disadvantages

• North- Advantages
• Had industries and resources to wage war
• Had larger population 21.5 million
• Had established government
• Had an army and navy
• Had support of runaway slaves
• North- Disadvantages
• Had to invade and defeat the South
• Had inadequate Generals

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• South- Advantages
• Fighting on home soil to protect home, family and
  way of life
• Had excellent Generals
• More familiar with guns and horses.
• To win, they needed to keep the North out and
  fight a defensive war
• South Disadvantages
• Less population - 9 million ( almost 3 million
  were slaves)
• Almost no industrialization
• Almost no resources
• Had to create a central government
• Had to create a navy and army

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Multiple Causes of the Civil WarSectional
tensions and political failures

• 1. 3/5 Compromise ( 1787) - led to increased
  sectionalism
• 2. Cotton Gin 1793- Led to greater demand for
  slaves in the deep South.
• 3. Louisiana Purchase 1803 As America pushed
  westward, the issue of more slavery became more
  controversial.
• 4. Missouri Compromise 1820- Sectional
  differences are temporarily settled between
  representation of slave and free states.
• 5. Nullification Crisis- 1832 First act of
  defiance from a Southern state threatening
  secession.
• .

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• 6. Compromise of 1850- Issue of slavery in the
  territories intensified.
• 7. Fugitive Slave Law- Extremely controversial
  and angered Northerners
• 8. 1852- Uncle Toms Cabin - a novel written by
  Harriett Beecher Stowe which examined the cruelty
  of slavery as a moral issue and intensified the
  animosity between the North and South.
• 9. Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854- Pro and anti
  slavery supporters flood into Kansas and vote and
  then fight for their position on slavery.
• Bleeding Kansas- Demonstrated that people were
  willing to die for their beliefs which left
  little room for compromise.
• 10. Dred Scott Decision- The Supreme Court
  decision stated that slavery was legal in all
  territories and the Missouri Compromise was
  therefore unconstitutional. No room for
  compromises remained.
• 11. John Browns Raid on the Federal Arsenal at
  Harpers Ferry- 1859- The attempt by Brown to arm
  slaves and lead to a massive slave uprising
  convinced many Southerners that war now
  inevitable.
• 12. Election of Abraham Lincoln- Southerners
  felt that the US no longer represented the
  interest of the South and South Carolina seceded
  followed by Alabama, Florida, Texas, Georgia,
  Louisiana, and Mississippi.
• .

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Overall Causes

• Sectional disagreements over tariffs, states
  rights, and the extension of slavery in the
  territories.
• Northern abolitionists versus Southern defenders
  of slavery
• Ineffective presidential leadership in the 1850s
• Failed compromises
• President Lincolns call for federal troops in
  1861
• The first 7 Southern States form the Confederate
  States of America and demand the removal of all
  Federal troops.
• After the Confederates fire on Ft. Sumter in
  Charleston, SC Virginia, North Carolina,
  Tennessee and Arkansas join the CSA.
• The Civil War Begins.

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A Nation Divided
MI
.
1861 11 Confederate States 19 Union
States 4 Border States
West Virginia joins Union in 1863 20 Union
States
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Confederate Flag

• Stars and Bars
  Southern Cross
• Official Flag
  Battle Flag

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Civil War Begins

• April 12, 1861 - At 430 a.m. Confederates fire
  upon Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina.
• The Civil War begins.
• Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas
  join the CSA
• Total 11 Confederate States
• CSA Capitol- Richmond, Va.

Fort Sumter
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• July 21, 1861- First Battle of Bull Run
• (Manassas)
• Confederate victory
• Thomas J. Jackson earns his nickname, Stonewall
  , as his brigade resists Union attacks
• The nation realizes this will be a long war.

• Stonewall Jackson

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Western Theatre 1862

• Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant captures Fort Henry
  and Fort Donaldson in Tennessee
• Heavy losses at Battle of Shiloh Union victory
• Memphis and New Orleans-Union victories

• Ulysses S. Grant

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Eastern Theatre 1862

• March 8,9
• Battle of first two Ironclads the Monitor and
  Merrimac
• off Hampton Roads, Virginia
• CSA Virginia (ex Merrimac)

• Monitor

Tin can on a shingle
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• Peninsula Campaign - 1862
• Union Gen. McClellan advances toward Richmond.
• McClellan is defeated by Robert E. Lee at Seven
  Pines and 7 Days Battle.
• Confederate victories.

Gen. McClellan
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• General Robert E. Lee is named Commander of the
  Army of Northern Virginia.

• Gen. Robert E. Lee

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• August 29,30 1862-
• 2nd Battle of Bull Run
• (Manassas)
• Confederate Forces defeat Union forces, under the
  command or a new Union commander, General Pope.

• Bull Run Creek

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• September 17, 1862
• General Lee invades into Maryland ( to take the
  war out of Virginia and force a surrender) and
  retreats after the bloody battle of Antietam
• Bloodiest day of the war.

• Confederate dead at Millers cornfield

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• December 13, 1862
• Union forces under Gen. Burnside suffer a
  crushing defeat at Fredericksburg, Va., after 14
  assaults on Maryes Heights.

• Fredericksburg, Va.

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1863

• Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation-
  freeing slaves held in Confederate territories
• The war now is to preserve the Union and to end
  slavery
• Leads to the 13th Amendment- which abolished
  slavery.

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• May 1-4, 1863 Union forces under Gen. Hooker are
  defeated at Chancellorsville, Va.
• General Lee divided his Confederate Army, twice,
  and still defeated Hooker.
• At Chancellorsville, Confederate Gen. Stonewall
  Jackson is accidentally
• shot and killed by his own men.

Stonewall Jackson
Jackson has his left arm amputated. Lee states he
has lost his right arm.
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• July- 1863 Union General Grant begins siege of
  Vicksburg, Mississippi

• Gen. Ulysses S. Grant

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Gettysburg -Turning Point

• July 1-3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
• Gen. Lee invades into Pennsylvania, hoping to
  force an end to the war.
• Picketts Charge- on July 3 - represented a
  gallant Confederate charge which ended in
  disaster.
• General Lee is defeated by General Meade.
• This battle Represents the beginning of the end
  for the Confederacy

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Gettysburg Photos

• July 3, 1863 Day 3

Union position- The Fish Hook
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The Ditch
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Gettysburg Address

• November 19, 1863 Lincoln delivers the
• Gettysburg Address
• This address honors the fallen and restates the
  desire for a united nation under new freedoms.
• Lincoln also believed the Civil War was a Second
  American Revolution.

• Page 1

Score 20 years 4 score and 7 87 years.
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Gettysburg Address
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• July 4, 1863- Vicksburg falls to Union forces-
  led by Gen. Grant.
• Union now controls the Mississippi River and the
  Confederacy is split.

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1864

• General Grant given command of Northern forces
  and invades Virginia with over 120,000 troops
• May- battle of the Wilderness-Confederate victory
• May, 1864- Lee and Grant fight to a draw at
  Spotsylvania Court House
• June, 1864- at Cold Harbor, Union forces suffer
  heavy losses, but Grant continues to pursue Lee.

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• June- 1864
• Grant lays siege to Petersburg, Va.
• Union troops dig a tunnel under Confederate lines
  and set off kegs of gunpowder to get behind
  Confederate lines.
• The hole was called the Crater. This plan
  failed.

• Siege cannon-called the Dictator

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• September 2, 1864
• Union forces under Gen. W. T. Sherman capture
  Atlanta, Ga.

• Atlanta, Ga.

William Tecumseh Sherman
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• Nov. - Dec. 1864-
• Shermans March to the Sea
• Shermans march from Atlanta to Savannah- a
  destructive path 60 miles wide.
• Estimated worth of destruction- 80 million- to
  destroy the Souths will to fight

Sherman then moves north and burns Columbia, SC.
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1865

• April 2, 1865
• Confederates evacuate Petersburg and Richmond and
  head West.

• Richmond, Va.

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Civil War Ends

• April 9, 1865- General Robert E. Lee surrenders
  Confederate Army to General Ulysses S. Grant at
  Appomattox Court House
• Union is saved.

• McLean House- site of surrender

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Assassination of Lincoln

• April 14, 1865
• Lincoln is assassinated at Fords Theater by John
  Wilkes Booth
• Petersen House where Lincoln died

• Lincolns Funeral

John Wilkes Booth
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• Four conspirators
• Hanging.

Sic Semper Tyrannis - Thus always to tyrants
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Toll of the War

• 620,000 dead
• 50,000 amputees
• Southern cities lay in ruins
• Southern railroads destroyed

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• reconstruction pp 2010.ppt

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• Civil Wa Recon. pp Review.pptx

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Create a three color Key Color Union,
Confederate and Border StatesYou may add WV in
1863
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