Slavery and the South

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Slavery and the South

• North America Themes Lecture Term 1 week 9

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Slave Work
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Slave Leisure time
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Slave Religion
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The Slave Family
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Slave Rebellions
Haitian Revolution (c1791-1804) Gabriel Prosser
Conspiracy (Virginia, 1800) Louisiana
(1811) Denmark Vesey Conspiracy (South Carolina,
1822) Nat Turner Rebellion (Virginia, 1831)
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Punishment
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The experience of slave women
Harriet Jacobs (1813-1897) escaped in 1835
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The White Population

• Slaveholders vs Non-slaveholders question of
  unity and issues about categorisation

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Abolitionism in the 1830s

• William Lloyd Garrison and The Liberator (estd.
  1831)
• Arthur and Lewis Tappan and The American
  Anti-Slavery Society (estd. 1833)

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Frederick Douglass

• Born a slave c1818 in Maryland
• Escaped 1838
• Abolitionist
• Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845)

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Southern Reactions

• Violence
• Development of proslavery arguments
• Change from slavery as a necessary evil to
  positive good
• John C. Calhoun

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Racism becomes scientific

• Samuel Cartwright - drapetomania and
  Dysaethesia aethiopica
• Samuel Morton - craniology
• Josiah Nott - polygenesis

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The Road to War

• 1820 Missouri Compromise
• 1832 Nullification Crisis
• 1833 abolition of slavery in British colonies
• 1846-48 Mexican War
• Compromise of 1850
• 1850 Fugitive Slave Act
• 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act
• 1856 Bleeding Kansas
• 1857 Dred Scott
• 1859 John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry

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The Missouri Compromise

• Determined all territory north of 3630N to
  exclude slavery (except Missouri itself)

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The Nullification Crisis

• Tariff of 1828 aka the tariff of abominations
  raised taxes on imported manufactured goods
• Criticisms led by John C. Calhoun of South
  Carolina
• Claimed tariff unconstitutional and declared it
  null and void in the State
• Compromised in 1833

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The Mexican War

• 1836 Texas declares independence from Mexico
• Question over US annexation due to northern
  abolitionists concerns about the addition of a
  slave state to the Union
• 1845 annexation of Texas, but leads to war with
  Mexico
• 1847 Wilmot Proviso

1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US gains Texas,
New Mexico, and California in the Mexican
Cession
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The Compromise of 1850

• California to enter the Union as a free state
• New Mexico and Utah territories set up without
  reference to slavery, and territorial legislature
  given authority over all rightful subjects of
  legislation
• Fugitive Slave Act

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
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Bleeding Kansas

• Disagreement over whether Kansas should be slave
  or free descends into violence
• Pottawatomie Creek massacre

Brooks-Sumner Affair
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Dred Scott Decision (1857)

• Dred Scott, a slave, appealed to the US Supreme
  Court after the Missouri Supreme Court had
  overturned his case for freedom
• March 6, 1857, his appeal was rejected because as
  a slave, he had no legal standing
• Justice Roger B. Taney (Maryland) said blacks
  were so far inferior that they had no rights
  which the white man was bound to respect.
• Declared any attempt to prevent slavery in the
  territories was unconstitutional because it
  deprived citizens of their property rights

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John Browns Raid

• 16 October 1859 Brown occupies federal arsenal at
  Harpers Ferry, Virginia an unsuccessful bid to
  incite the slaves to insurrection
• Convicted of treason and conspiracy and hanged at
  Charlestown 2 December
• Becomes a martyr for the abolitionist cause and
  cause mass panic across the South

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The Secession of the Southern States

• 6 November 1860 Abraham Lincoln elected President
• 20 December 1860 South Carolina seceded from the
  Union, claiming that Lincolns opinions and
  purposes are hostile to slavery
• By 1 February 1861 Mississippi, Florida, Alabama,
  Georgia, Louisiana and Texas had also seceded.
• 7 February 1861 provisional Constitution of the
  Confederate States of America adopted
• 18 February 1861 Jefferson Davis inaugurated as
  President of the Confederacy