Colonization and Settlement of America

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Colonization and Settlement of America
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Reasons for Exploration

• Expanding populationsneeded more space
• Trade increased merchants wanted access to Asia
  spices, silk, porcelain
• Three Gsin this order
• 1. Gold any riches (gold, silver, resources)
  Most important to most explorers
• 2. God to convert natives
• 3. Glory to make a name for themselves

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• First European explorers to reach the Americas
  were Vikings Leif Eriksson Canada around
  1000 A.D.
• Christopher Columbus Caribbean - 1492 A.D.
• Spain is first European country to permanently
  colonize the New World
• Amerigo Vespuccifirst European to map North and
  South America (1501)
• Natives were treated poorly Plantation System
  used for agricultural (sugar cane) and mining
  work (gold and silver)

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Smallpox Victim
Native populations were devastated by disease
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Leif Eriksson sights land
Christopher Columbus
Amerigo Vespucci
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Locations

• English focused on the Atlantic Coastline of
  North America
• Interested in room for expanding population
• Agriculture
• Protestant Reformation Religious Freedom
• Late entering American colonization due to issues
  at home

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Roanoke Voyages

• English made 3 voyages to the Outer Banks of
  North Carolina (1584, 1585, 1587) organized by
  Sir Walter Raleigh (NC capital named for him)
• 1st voyagenamed land Virginia
• 2nd voyagefound Chesapeake Bay, attempt to
  create military settlement, ended in violence
  with local natives
• 3rd voyageThe Lost Colonya colony of men,
  women, and children led by John White do not
  know what happened to them

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Jamestown

• 1st permanent English settlement Virginia in
  1607
• John Smith (military leader), John Rolfe
  (tobacco), Pocahontas (married Rolfe, not Smith)
• Colony almost did not survive bad location
• 1608 Starving Time
• 1619 (a big year) House of Burgess (1st
  representative assembly), English women arrive,
  Africans brought as Indentured Servants

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John Rolfe marries Pocahontas
John Smith
Pocahontas
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Colonies developed different identities according
to climate and charter
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The New England Colonies

• Massachusetts
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut
• New Hampshire

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The Middle Colonies

• New York
• Delaware
• New Jersey
• Pennsylvania

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The Southern Colonies

• Virginia
• Maryland
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia

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English Colonies

• Split into three regions
• New England (MA, NH,RI,CN) settled by many
  people seeking religious freedom - Economy was
  based on fishing, lumbering, and shipbuilding
• Middle Colonies (NY, NJ,PA,DE) More of a mix
  coming for religious freedom and economic
  opportunities more diverse backgrounds

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13 Colonies

• Southern Colonies (MD, VA, NC, SC, GA) mostly
  came for economic opportunities
• Economy was based on agriculture Tobacco,
  Cotton, Rice, Indigo
• Georgia place for debtors and poor to live

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Immigrant Groups of the 13 colonies

• Middle Colonies
• Catholics
• Quakers William Penn
• More tolerant

• New England
• Pilgrims - Settled in Massachusetts in 1620
  Plymouth
• Puritans - Settled in Massachusetts in 1630
  Boston
• Wanted religious freedom

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Carolina

• Settled by members of the other colonies.
  Original settlers English. Granted a private
  company in 1663 and divided into two colonies in
  1711.
• Great place to grow indigo, rice, and tobacco.
• Name came from the Latin word carolus, meaning
  Charles.
• Officially became a state on November 21, 1789.

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• Lords Proprietors 8 noble supporters of Charles
  II, awarded Carolina in return for their support
  1663
• 1706 Bath first NC town
• 1710 New Bern founded became 1st capital of
  NC
• Three regions
• 1. Coastal Plain in east
• 2. Piedmont in central
• 3. Mountains in west

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New Immigration

• NC becomes royal colony in 1728.
• New settlers
• 1. Scots-Irish settled in east
• 2. Highland Scots settled in east
• 3. Germans and Moravians settled in Piedmont
  backcountry
• Great Wagon Road
• Moravians name their land Wachovia
• 1766 establish the towns of Bethabara and Salem
• 4. Africans brought as slaves fewer than
  many other southern colonies

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Great Wagon Road
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Economy/Social Structure

• Economy North Carolina was mostly agricultural.
• Cash Crops Tobacco, Rice, and Indigo
• Naval Stores tar, pitch, turpentine
• Trade was difficult due to NCs lack of roads and
  difficult waterways.
• Social Classes
• 1. Gentry rich planters, doctors, lawyers
• 2. Artisans craftsmen blacksmith, cobblers
• 3. Small Farmers Yeomen biggest group

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• 4. Indentured Servants poor people who bought
  their passage to America with their service.
• 5. Slaves/Indians
• Triangle Trade three-part voyage
• A. Europe to Africa manufactured trade goods
• B. Africa to America (Middle Passage)- slaves
• C. America to Europe raw materials (lumber,
  cotton, tobacco)
• Growing conflict between Eastern and Western NC
  over taxes and political power.

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Triangle Trade
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Early Government in the Colonies

• English Bill of Rights limited Kings power
  gave representative government (Parliament) more
  power
• Representative Government the people elect
  representatives to speak for them in government
• Mayflower Compact first attempt at
  self-government in the English colonies
• Town meetings first form of American government
  in which all free men could participate

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• House of Burgess first representative
  government in America
• Proprietary colony privately-owned colony
• Royal colony government-run colony