HONORS USH C. 1 EUROPEAN COLONIZATION

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HONORS USH C. 1EUROPEAN COLONIZATION

• THE NEW WORLD

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FIRST AMERICANS

• 30,000-15,000 people from Siberia migrated across
  Beringia (land bridge) during the last Ice Age to
  Alaska.
• These people created diverse societies
• from Alaska to Argentina. All different
• due to their environment.
• -Hunters/gatherers
• -Farming
• -City-builders
• Notable Indian civilizations
• -Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Inca
• -Iroquois
• Communal land ownership, polytheistic,
  matrilineal.

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EUROPEAN DISCOVERIES AND INVASION

• I. 1000 AD Vikings led by Leif EricsonVinland
  (Newfoundland)
• Skrellings
• Sagas
• II. Backdrop for European Discovery
• 1000 AD Continental Europe Middle Ages
  Feudalism
• Crusadesopened up a new way of life
• Renaissance
• Commercial Revolution
• middlemenVenice, Constantinople, Arab
  merchants
• Age of Discovery
• III. Portuguese Exploration
• United, at peace, perfect location
• Prince Henry the Navigator Sagres Navigation
  School
• Africa 1488-Dias, 1497 da Gama, 1500 Cabral
• IV. Christopher Columbus
• Theory, the Voyages, results
• 1493 Inter Caeteras , 1494 Treaty of
  Tordesillas
• Amerigo Vespucci1501 New World

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CONQUEST AND CATASTROPHE

• GOD, GOLD, GLORY SPANISH EMPIRE
• Famous Conquistadores and Missionaries
• Balboa 1513
• de Leon 1513
• Cortes,1519
• Magellans voyage 1519-1522
• Pizarro 1523
• De Soto 1539
• Coronado 1540
• Mendoza 1556
• Spanish Empire The Golden Age of Spain
  1519-1588
• CREATED A NEW GLOBAL ECONOMY BASED ON GOLD AND
  SILVER
• ENCOMIENDAS, HACIENDAS
• IMPACT OF PROTESTANT REFORMATION 1521

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OTHER COLONIZATION ATTEMPTS

• FRANCE 1523 GIOVANNI DE VERRAZZANO
• 1535 JACQUES CARTIER
• 1608 SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN
  QUEBEC
• -- FUR TRAPPING COURIER DE
  BOIS
• 1659 LOUIS JOLIET, JACQUES
  MARQUETTE
• 1680 ROBERT LASALLE
• MERCANTILISM (Jean Baptiste Colbert)
• FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE
• GOLD POWER
• COLONIES AT EVERY LATITUDE
• COLONIES EXIST TO ASSIST THE MOTHER COUNTRY
• HOLLAND AND SWEDEN-- 1609 HENRY (HEINRICH)
  HUDSON

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• THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
• GOODS ORIGINATING IN THE NEW WORLD GOING TO THE
  OLD
• GOODS COMING FROM THE OLD WORLD TO THE NEW

Food Crops Animals Medicines
Grains Livestock Fruit Vegetables Insects Disease
Slavery
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THE BRITISH

• 1. ENGLISH EXPLORATION
• John Cabot--1496
• 2. COLONIAL INTEREST ENGLAND CHALLENGES SPAIN
  (MOTIVES) QE I.
• 3. WAR WITH SPAIN
• Spanish Armada 1588
• 4. TYPE OF PEOPLE THAT WERE INVOLVED IN THE
  COLONIZATION OF AMERICA
• Monarchy--Mercantilism
• Merchantsjoint-stock companies East India Tea
  Company 1600, Virginia Co. of London 1606
• Commoners--Enclosure Movement 1500s to 1700s
• 5. ENGLISH COLONIES (proprietary, charter,
  royal)
• 1606 Virginia Company of London proprietary
  charter from King James I
• Dec. 25, 1606, 120 settlers left England on 3
  ships.

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1st BRITISH SETTLEMENT JAMESTOWN (Virginia)

• 1607Joint-Stock Co. the Virginia Co.
• 1609 New Charter
• Governor to rule Jamestown from Jamestown Lord
  De La Warr
• Sold more shares in London Company
• Company Servants
• 1609-1611Starving Time
• Thomas Dale 1611
• TobaccoJohn Rolfe
• 1618 Head-right System and Representative Govt.
• Head right
• Indentured servants
• Plantation System
• House of Burgesses
• Introduction of African Slavery
• Massacre of 1622
• Charter revoked 1624Royal Colony

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THE PILGRIMS (Massachusetts)

• SEPARATISTS
• JAMESTOWN AS COMPANY SERVANTS
• 1620 MAYFLOWER
• MASSACHUSETTS NOT VIRGINIA
• MAYFLOWER COMPACT
• THANKSGIVING DAY

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THE PURITANS (Massachusetts)

• 1. Puritans were religious reformers interested
  in purifying the Church of England of Catholic
  ritual.
• 2. Generally upper class who by the late 1620s
  they had become a powerful voice in Parliament.
• 3. In 1629 they forced the King Charles I to
  sign the English Petition of Right.
• The King continued to persecute them.
• 1628 Massachusetts Bay Co. created.
• Granted a self-governing charter.
• Create a society that the rest of the world will
  look up the city on the hill.--Boston
• 1630 Boston founded.
• Government organization
• Commonwealth theocracy led by John Winthrop.
• Legislature General Court, made up of 100
  stockholders (freeman)

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• Covenant of Grace-
• When man was created God promised that man would
  never die but Adam broke Gods covenantall men
  deserve damnation.
• But if saved by Gods grace then a chosen elect
  would be saved.
• Covenant of Works-
• If you lived life according to Moral Codes then
  that would be an outward sign to all that you
  were a chosen elect.
• National Covenant
• The destiny of a nation was based on the
  actions of the people. Gods grace
  ensured their survival. (Blue Laws)
• Based on this Massachusetts society was devoted
  to the common welfare for the good of
  all.--Commonwealth
• NEW ENGLAND SOCIETY
• Hard work (Protestant work ethic)
• Fear of Godschools de luder Satan Harvard,
  Yale
• Triangular TradeLumber, grain, shipbuilding,
  fishing Sugar Cane
• Intolerant and suspicious of dissent and
  differenceSalem Witch
• Trials. 1692

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• OTHER NE COLONIES
• CONNECTICUT
• 1. Rev. Thomas
  Hooker 1636 Hartford
• 2. Fundamental
  Orders
• RHODE ISLAND
• 1. Roger
  Williams 1636 Providence
• 2. Anne
  Hutchinson 1638 Portsmouth
• 3. 1644
  chartered by Kingself- governing
• NEW HAMPSHIRE
• 1. Rev. John
  Wheelwright 1638

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• MIDDLE ATLANTIC COLONIES (NJ. , PA., DEL., NY)
• NEW JERSEY (Restoration Colony)
• 1.
  1665--Duke of York granted estate to
• 
  John Berkeley and George Carteret.
• 2. To
  sell the land they promised
• 
  - religious freedom
• 
  - elected assembly
• 
  - political freedom and
• 
  - cheap land
  
• 3. By
  1680, Berkeley and Carteret had sold
  his to Quakers. 4.
  1702 Chartered as New Jersey
• QUAKER RELIGION GEORGE FOX 1600s
• BELIEFS

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• PENNSYLVANIA (Restoration Colony)
• 1. 1681
  King Charles II-charter-to William
  
  Penn Quaker.
• 2.
  Experiment in Holy Christian Living
• 3.
  Freedom of religion for all Christians
• 4.
  Self-government unicameral assembly.
• 5. First
  settlementPhiladelphia
• 6. Advertised the colony
  throughout Northern Europe.
  Attracted many
• Germans.--Amish
• 7.
  Economyshipping, wood products,
  
  farming

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• DELAWARE
• 1. 1704
  broke from Pa.
• 2. Not
  Quaker.
• 3. Raised
  tobacco.

NEW YORK (Restoration Colony)
1. Dutch War The Nutmeg
War 2.
1664, Eng. Sent 4 warships to New
Amsterdam 3. Granted to the
Duke of York (King James II)
4. Dutch influences today

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• MARYLAND
• 1. Proprietary Colony
• 2. George
  Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
• 3. Refuge for
  Catholics
• 4. By 1640
  elected assembly created.
• 5.
  1644Toleration Act passed.
• 6. Until 1670s
  relied on indentured servants and
  African slaves.

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• SOUTHERN COLONIES (Va., Md., NC, SC, Ga)

(SOUTH, NORTH) CAROLINA (Restoration Colony)
1.
1663 Proprietary Charter to the 8
Lords
Proprietors.
George Carteret, Anthony
Ashley-Cooper, John
Colleton, William Berkeley, John
Berkeley, George Monck, Edward Hyde,
William, Earl of
Craven

• 2. Sea to Sea grant.
• 3. Fundamental Constitutions
• John Locke, James Harrington.
• 4. 1670 Charles Towne
• Economytrade with West
  Indies, rice, tobacco, deerskins, relied
  heavily on African slavery to work the rice
  fields.
• 1719 rebellion in NC
• 7. 1729 NC-SC split-- Royal
  Colony

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• GEORGIA
• 1. James
  Oglethorpetrustee for a colony of
  debtors. 1733 subsidized by
  the King.
• 2. Serve
  as a buffer zone between
  Spanish
  Florida and the Carolinas.
• 3. First
  settlementSavannah
• 4.
  Settlers50 acres, tools and
  supplies.
• 5.
  Mulberry trees (silk) and olive trees.
• 6.
  Alcohol, lawyers and slavery
  forbidden.
• 7. 1752
  Royal Colony

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OTHER WAYS TO CLASSIFY COLONIES

• I. RESTORATION COLONIES
• TYPES OF CHARTERS
• I. Royal Colony controlled by the Monarch.
• II. Proprietary Colony granted to a businessman
  or businessmen.
• III. Charter (self-governing) Colony granted to
  the people.

• AFTER THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR 1642-1649
• Interregnum Period 1649-1659, Oliver Cromwell
  ruled.
• THE KING WAS RESTORED RESTORATION 1660
• 1. King Charles II put on the
  throne.
• 2. Payment for that debt
  colonies
• THE RESTORATION COLONIES WERE
• SC, NC, NY, NJ, Pa, De.

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TYPES OF COLONIES CONTINUED

• BY GEOGRAPHY
• New England Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
  Connecticut, New Hampshire
• Middle Atlantic New York, New Jersey,
  Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland
• Southern Virginia, North Carolina, South
  Carolina, Georgia

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LIFE IN COLONIAL AMERICA

• 1. Slavery in the colonies
• Present in all 13 colonies by 1740
• 2 types Gang System (Va. Northward)
  
• Task System (Deep South)
• 2. Women
• Property of their fathers, older brothers or
  husbands
• 2nd class citizens.
• Few legal rights. Treated more of an equal in
  America.
• 3. French and English Wars.
• Causes
• Results King Williams War, Queen Annes War,
  King Georges War
• 4. The Enlightenment
• 5. Navigation Acts

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NAVIGATION ACTS SUMMARY

• These laws were enacted to keep Dutch goods out
  of the colonies
• Wheat, fish, corn not enumeratedcould be sold
  anywhere as long as the other laws were followed.
• All cash crops were enumerated indigo, sugar
  cane, rice, naval stores, tobacco, cotton,
  etc.had to be sold to English merchants.
• English manufacturers could only purchase
  enumerated goods from English colonies.
• Manufacturing was illegal in the coloniesiron
  forges, textile mills, clothiers, rum, etc.
• England produced the finished productcolonies
  supplied the raw materialsall benefitted and no
  gold was leaving the Br. Empire.

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