The Planting of English America

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The Planting of English America

• CHAPTER 2 NOTES
• Mrs. Marshall
• AP US History

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Sir Walter Raleigh

• 1585-North Carolinas Roanoke Island-Lost Colony

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Spanish Armada

• 1588-England defeated Spain

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Protestant Reformation

• Catholicism vs. Protestantism

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Joint Stock Companies

• Joint Stock Companies

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Jamestown

• Virginia Company of London
• Chesapeake Bay-May 1607
• 1st permanent English settlement in North
  America.
• Captain John Smith
• Pocahontas
• John Rolfe
• Tobacco

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Virginia Company/London Company 1619

• Authorized settlers to summon an assembly
  (elected legislature) known as the House of
  Burgesses.
• All decisions of the House of Burgesses required
  approval of Virginia Company

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Impact of Religion on English Colonies

• Little religious tolerance in New England
  colonies
• Puritans were trying to create a city on the
  hill-did not want their community defiled by
  other beliefs
• More religious diversity/tolerance in the
  Mid-Atlantic colonies, but it was also limited

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• Southern colonies were founded for economic
  reason. Religion played a small role in their
  cultural development until the Great Awakening
• Church of England was the established church in
  the South

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• Spanish settlers developed a dependence on slave
  labor.
• French settlers were not dependant on slave labor
  due to geography of their territories
• English settlers developed a egalitarian society
  in New England and the Middle colonies based on
  religious equality. Economic prosperity and
  immigration led to class distinctions.
• The South developed a hierarchical social
  structure due to the plantation system.

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Political Development in Colonies

• Impacted by political traditions of the mother
  country
• Spain and France transferred their authoritarian
  control to their colonies.
• British brought their experience with the Magna
  Carta and Parliament to the colonies. They
  developed institutions starting with the House of
  Burgesses and New England town meetings.

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Types of Colonies

• Charter- a colony chartered to an individual or
  group by the British Crown
• Royal- a colony governed directly by the
  king/queen
• Proprietary- a colony in which one or more
  private land owners retain rights that are
  normally privilege of the state

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Magna Carta

• A document guaranteeing basic political rights in
  England, drawn up by nobles and approved by King
  John in AD 1215

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Maryland

• 1634- Lord Baltimore
• For financial profit and a haven for Catholics
• Act of Toleration- 1649-local representative body
  granted religious toleration to all Christians

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Death of King James I

• Upon death of King James I his son, Charles I
  took the throne

James I
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English Civil War (1642-1649)

• Fought by supporters and opponents of King
  Charles I.
• Royalists-those loyal to Charles I
• Puritans- supporters of Parliament

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Oliver Cromwell

• Puritan general who replaced Charles I

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Restoration

• When colonization/empire building resumes in
  England

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Charles II

• Charles II replaced Cromwell in 1659

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8 Lord Proprietors

• Charles II gave them land south of Virginia.
  Carolina prospered by developing close economic
  ties with the sugar islands of the English West
  Indies.
• Many settlers came from Barbados.
• Rice was principal export crop.
• Charles Town-busy seaport, diverse population,
  aristocratic population.
• Carolina split in 1712.

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Georgia

• James Oglethorpe-1733
• Founded as a home for debtors and prisoners from
  England.
• Also founded as a buffer state between Spanish
  Florida and the Carolinas.

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Characteristics of Southern Colonies

• Exported commercial agricultural
  products-tobacco, rice
• Slavery
• A strong aristocratic atmosphere
• All permitted some religious toleration
• Tax supported Church of England became the
  dominant faith
• Growth of cities were slow due to plantations and
  farms
• Farms and plantations made establishment of
  schools and churches difficulty and costly

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Economic Development

• Spanish crown funded expeditions
• English expeditions and settlements were funded
  by joint stock companies and proprietors
• French developed an economy based on fur trapping
  and exports that influenced their mutual
  dependence on native tribes
• England, Spain and France all followed
  mercantilists policies

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English colonies

• New England-geographic conditions allowed for
  only subsistence farming. They turned to
  shipbuilding and to the sea as merchants and
  fisherman. Not dependant on slaves
• Mid-Atlantic colonies- developed an export trade
  in food stuffs as a result of geographic
  resources and large families

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• Southern colonies- grew cash crops such as
  tobacco, rice and indigo. Used slave labor and
  exported crops on the ships from New England
• 3 regions developed an interdependent network of
  coastal trade and trade with the British
  Caribbean as well as trade across the Atlantic
  with Africa and Europe