American Imperialism: Becoming a World Power

1
American ImperialismBecoming a World Power

• 1880 1915

2
Imperialism prior to 1880

• Isolationism
• George Washingtons Farewell Address
• Monroe Doctrine
• Europe stay out of Western Hemisphere
• America will stay out of Europe
• Anti-Imperialist League
• Samuel Gompers, Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie
• Interest in the Pacific
• Matthew Perry and Japan
• Trade with China
• Alaska
• Sewards Folly

3
The Growth of Imperialism

• Imperialism empire building
• Why Imperialism Grew
• Economic factors new markets and natural
  resources
• Nationalist factors jingoism
• Military factors bases
• Humanitarian factors White Mans Burden
• Europe Leads the Way
• The sun never sets on the British Empire
• Colonization of Africa spheres of influence in
  Asia

4
Africa and Asia
5
White Mans Burden
6
Causes of U.S. Imperialism

• 2nd Manifest Destiny
• Closing of the west
• American expansionist spirit
• Promoting Economic Growth
• New Markets
• Banana republics
• Protecting American Security
• Alfred T. Mahans The Influence of Sea Power upon
  History
• U.S. Navy (Great White Fleet)
• Compete with Europe
• Economic and Nationalistic
• Public Opinion Leans Toward Expansion
• Pro-Imperialists
• Expansion patriotism
• Social Darwinism
• Argument of the races
• Yellow Journalism

7
Western Hemisphere Hegemony

• Pan-Americanism
• Big Sister
• Banana Republics create economic imperialism
• 1891 Chilean mob kills American soldiers
• 1894 U.S. prevents rebellion in Brazil
• 1895 Venezuela Boundary Dispute
• U.S. forces Great Britain to recognize the
  Monroe Doctrine

8
Early U.S. Imperialism

• Annexation of Hawaii (1898)
• U.S. involved with trade since 1790s
• Hawaiian economy based on sugar trade with U.S.
• Sanford Dole helps U.S. take control of
  provincial government
• Harrison attempts annexation, Cleveland prevents,
  McKinley annexes Hawaii
• Samoa
• 1870s Germany, Great Britain, and U.S. split
  islands (eventually just U.S. and Germany)
• Naval base at Pago Pago

9
The Spanish American War

• The Cuban Rebellion
• Cuba begins rebelling from Spain in 1868
• Spain sends 150,000 troops to Cuba
• Cubans put into concentration camps
• U.S. pressured to intervene
• Steps to War
• William Randolph Hearst
• Yellow Journalism
• You furnish the pictures, Ill furnish the war.
• de Lome letter (Spanish minister)
• U.S.S. Maine
• The Philippines
• Theodore Roosevelt provokes fighting
• McKinley calls for war

10
The Spanish American War

• A Splendid Little War
• Philippines Manila Bay (Admiral Dewey)
• Santiago
• Theodore Teddy Roosevelt, the Rough Riders and
  San Juan Hill
• Treaty of Paris (1898)
• Cuba independent
• U.S. gives Spain 20 million
• U.S. gains the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam

11
U.S. Gains After the War

• The Philippines
• Debate over annexation
• Unfit for self-government
• Philippine-American War (1899 1902 1913) 5
  x losses of Spanish-American War
• The Fate of Cuba
• Protectorate
• Teller Amendment
• 1900, Cuba drafts its own Constitution
• Platt Amendment
• Puerto Rico
• Commonwealth
• Insular Cases
• The Constitution does NOT follow the flag.

12
An Open Door to China

• U.S. fears loss of influence due to European
  spheres of influence
• Secretary Hays Open Door notes (1899, 1900)
• Boxer Rebellion (1900)
• Chinese nationals resist all foreign influence
• U.S. sends troops to help European forces put
  down
• McKinleys Open Door Policy takes shape

13
Boxer Rebellion
14
Roosevelt and Foreign Policy

• Election of 1900
• McKinley Assassination (1901)
• Speak softly and carry a big stick you will go
  far
• The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
• An international police power
• Santo Domingo
• Roosevelt and the world
• Russo-Japanese War (1904)
• Treaty of Portsmouth
• Nobel Peace Prize
• Gentlemans Agreement (1907)
• Eases tensions with Japan (the other new
  Imperialistic nation)

15
Panama Canal

• Isthmus of Panama
• Reasons for the canal?
• Building a Canal
• France attempts
• U.S. tries to buy concession from France
• Columbia and the Liberation of Panama
• Liberation of Panama
• Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
• Completed in 1914

16
(No Transcript)
17
Taft and Dollar Diplomacy

• Substituting dollars for bullets
• Investments in Latin America
• Efforts in China and Russia backfire
• Many Latin Americans disliked U.S. involvement

18
Wilson and Moral Diplomacy

• Dominican Republic
• U.S. establishes a military government in 1916
  and troops remain for 8 years
• Haiti
• American Marines put down violent revolution in
  1915
• 1918 U.S. adopts a constitution and troops remain
  until 1934
• Virgin Islands
• Bought from Denmark when feared Germany would
  take over
• Nicaragua
• Intervened to make sure no canal would be built
  there by a European nation
• Mexico
• Near war over issues of American business and
  changing leadership
• Veracruz
• Pancho Villa